Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

According to Piaget, children understand the world with scripts, which are psychological structures that organize experience.

Scaffolding involves a teaching style in which assistance is always

Meltzoff and Moore's controversial finding that three-week-olds would stick out their tongues to match an adult performing the same act has been used to support the notion of early life

Which of the following is NOT one of the features of a child who is in the preoperational period of cognitive development?

If you were to let a preschooler watch you give a Barbie doll a haircut, that child would expect Barbie's hair to start growing back on its own just like their own hair does after a haircut.

Piagetians believe that an average child would first demonstrate the onset of intentional behavior when he or she is approximately

In order to help children learn the social nature of language, many parents encourage ________ long before an infant has said his or her first word.

When a child, usually around six months of age, produces vowel-consonant combinations that approximate real speech, she is _______.

Grammatical ________ are words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatically correct.

Piaget believed that children are like little

Scott understands that when he counts his toy cars, there is one and only one number for each separate car. This demonstrates that Scott has mastered the principle of cardinality.

In ________-directed speech, adults tend to speak very slowly and to exaggerate their changes in pitch and loudness.

The fact that the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence by denoting the number of objects is called the ________ principle.

The concept of naïve physics was demonstrated by ________, who found that infants as young as four and a half months would consistently look longer at unrealistic events than at realistic events.

Infant-directed speech provides particularly good examples of ________, which may help children to learn to distinguish these sounds more effectively.

Russian psychologist ________ proposed the idea that development in childhood is an apprenticeship in which children advance when they collaborate with more-skilled others.

The ________ hemisphere of the brain plays a critical role in understanding language.

Eleven-month-old Oreo loves cookies. One day he sees his mother putting cookies into cups for a party. As he is watching, his mom puts one cookie into the first two cups, two cookies into the next two cups, and three cookies into the last two cups. If Oreo is a normally developing 10-month-old who likes cookies, he would most likely reach for

Piaget identified several shortcomings in the symbolic skills of most preschoolers. They include egocentrism, centration, and a focus on appearance as reality.

While Piaget believed that the theories that children develop about their worlds are comprehensive in explaining a variety of phenomena, the ________ hypothesis believes that infants are born with rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated upon based on the child's experiences.