Question 1

Why is it that an orienting response tends to disappear after repeated exposure to a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  because the brain adjusts to the presence of the stimulus and no longer registers it as a sensation 
B)  because the stimulus becomes familiar and loses its novelty 
C)  because the attention that we pay to a stimulus increases as it becomes more familiar 
D)  because our mental hardware becomes inconsistent with our mental software as an object becomes less novel 
A)  because the brain adjusts to the presence of the stimulus and no longer registers it as a sensation 
B)  because the stimulus becomes familiar and loses its novelty 
C)  because the attention that we pay to a stimulus increases as it becomes more familiar 
D)  because our mental hardware becomes inconsistent with our mental software as an object becomes less novel

Question 2

Memories that help people construct their life history and create socially shared memories are

Accepted Answer

A)  eidetic memories. 
B)  autobiographical memories. 
C)  semantic memories. 
D)  procedural memories. 
A)  eidetic memories. 
B)  autobiographical memories. 
C)  semantic memories. 
D)  procedural memories.

Question 3

Mental ________ refers to mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mental ________ refers to mental programs that...

Question 4

One way that infants can pick works out of spoken sound is the stress, or emphasis, that is placed on certain words. This can help to overcome the absence of gaps between words in normal conversations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The preoperational concept of ________ suggests that children in this stage believe that others see the world exactly as they do; that is, that their perspective is the only perspective there is.

Accepted Answer

A)  animism 
B)  centration 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  object permanence 
A)  animism 
B)  centration 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  object permanence

Question 6

How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both saw children as making the journey alone. 
B)  Piaget saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Vygotsky saw children as making the journey alone. 
C)  Vygotsky saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Piaget saw children as making the journey alone. 
D)  Both saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others. 
A)  Both saw children as making the journey alone. 
B)  Piaget saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Vygotsky saw children as making the journey alone. 
C)  Vygotsky saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others, while Piaget saw children as making the journey alone. 
D)  Both saw the journey as involving an apprenticeship driven by collaboration with others.

Question 7

One theory that differs from that of Piaget is the ________ knowledge hypothesis, which suggests that children are born with certain knowledge structures already in place that are ready to be modified by experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One theory that differs from that of...

Question 8

When little Ella points to a sheep at the zoo and says "Doggie," her parents smile and adore how cute she is. They don't realize that she has lumped the sheep into her own mental category of all four-legged animals because the family has a dog at home. This mistake demonstrates ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When little Ella points to a sheep...

Question 9

Joe is 18 months old, and is playing with his sister. He looks at her holding the inflatable beach ball, and says "up ball" as he holds out his hands. Joe's attempt to communicate using on a few essential words would be described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonemic 
B)  morphemic 
C)  holophrastic 
D)  telegraphic 
A)  phonemic 
B)  morphemic 
C)  holophrastic 
D)  telegraphic

Question 10

For children with a(n) ________ style, language is primarily an intellectual tool. On the other hand, for children with a(n) ________ style, language is primarily a social tool.

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive; referential 
B)  phonemic; morphemic 
C)  referential; expressive 
D)  dynamic; static 
A)  expressive; referential 
B)  phonemic; morphemic 
C)  referential; expressive 
D)  dynamic; static

Question 11

Several criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development have been offered over the years. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory underestimates the cognitive skills of infants and young children. 
B)  The theory overestimates the cognitive skills of adolescents. 
C)  The theory does not account for variability in children's performance. 
D)  The theory is based on an experimental participant pool that was too large from which to draw conclusions. 
A)  The theory underestimates the cognitive skills of infants and young children. 
B)  The theory overestimates the cognitive skills of adolescents. 
C)  The theory does not account for variability in children's performance. 
D)  The theory is based on an experimental participant pool that was too large from which to draw conclusions.

Question 12

________ speech involves comments that are not intended for others but are designed to help children regulate their own behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ speech involves comments that are not...

Question 13

Which is the BEST example of overregularization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saying "horse" instead of "hose" 
B)  Saying "houses" instead of "homes" 
C)  Saying "flunked" instead of "failed" 
D)  Saying "runned" instead of "ran" 
A)  Saying "horse" instead of "hose" 
B)  Saying "houses" instead of "homes" 
C)  Saying "flunked" instead of "failed" 
D)  Saying "runned" instead of "ran"

Question 14

Changes in heart rate or brain-wave activity that occur in response to the introduction of a new stimulus are called a(n) ________ response.

Accepted Answer

A)  habituating 
B)  attentive 
C)  orienting 
D)  processing 
A)  habituating 
B)  attentive 
C)  orienting 
D)  processing

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of a typical 4-year-old's theory of biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth 
B)  internal parts 
C)  expansion 
D)  inheritance 
A)  growth 
B)  internal parts 
C)  expansion 
D)  inheritance

Question 16

Which of the following underlies the process of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleasant consequences lead to decreased behaviors, while unpleasant consequences lead to increased behaviors. 
B)  A neutral stimulus can come to evoke a response that used to be associated with a different stimulus. 
C)  Pleasant consequences lead to increased behaviors, while unpleasant consequences lead to decreased behaviors. 
D)  The observation of another person engaging in a behavior can lead the repetition of that behavior. 
A)  Pleasant consequences lead to decreased behaviors, while unpleasant consequences lead to increased behaviors. 
B)  A neutral stimulus can come to evoke a response that used to be associated with a different stimulus. 
C)  Pleasant consequences lead to increased behaviors, while unpleasant consequences lead to decreased behaviors. 
D)  The observation of another person engaging in a behavior can lead the repetition of that behavior.

Question 17

Phonemes refer only to vowel sounds, whether long or short in diction. Consonant sounds are morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Infants whose parents taught them a list of words learned them more effectively than infants who were exposed to media/videos that taught the same words.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Children understand that only living things have offspring that resemble the parents, a concept of naïve biology called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children understand that only living things have...

Question 20

Classical conditioning focuses on the relation between the consequences of behavior and the likelihood that the behavior will recur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Why is it that an orienting response tends to disappear after repeated exposure to a stimulus?

Memories that help people construct their life history and create socially shared memories are

Mental ________ refers to mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

One way that infants can pick works out of spoken sound is the stress, or emphasis, that is placed on certain words. This can help to overcome the absence of gaps between words in normal conversations.

The preoperational concept of ________ suggests that children in this stage believe that others see the world exactly as they do; that is, that their perspective is the only perspective there is.

How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?

One theory that differs from that of Piaget is the ________ knowledge hypothesis, which suggests that children are born with certain knowledge structures already in place that are ready to be modified by experience.

When little Ella points to a sheep at the zoo and says "Doggie," her parents smile and adore how cute she is. They don't realize that she has lumped the sheep into her own mental category of all four-legged animals because the family has a dog at home. This mistake demonstrates ________.

Joe is 18 months old, and is playing with his sister. He looks at her holding the inflatable beach ball, and says "up ball" as he holds out his hands. Joe's attempt to communicate using on a few essential words would be described as ________.

For children with a(n) style, language is primarily an intellectual tool. On the other hand, for children with a(n) style, language is primarily a social tool.

Several criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development have been offered over the years. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

________ speech involves comments that are not intended for others but are designed to help children regulate their own behavior.

Which is the BEST example of overregularization?

Changes in heart rate or brain-wave activity that occur in response to the introduction of a new stimulus are called a(n) ________ response.

Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of a typical 4-year-old's theory of biology?

Which of the following underlies the process of operant conditioning?

Phonemes refer only to vowel sounds, whether long or short in diction. Consonant sounds are morphemes.

Infants whose parents taught them a list of words learned them more effectively than infants who were exposed to media/videos that taught the same words.

Children understand that only living things have offspring that resemble the parents, a concept of naïve biology called ________.

Classical conditioning focuses on the relation between the consequences of behavior and the likelihood that the behavior will recur.

The Study of Human Development

Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development

Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and

Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood

Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Moving Into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development

Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood

Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood

Making it in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood

The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues

Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship,

The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Why is it that an orienting response tends to disappear after repeated exposure to a stimulus?

Memories that help people construct their life history and create socially shared memories are

Mental ________ refers to mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks.

One way that infants can pick works out of spoken sound is the stress, or emphasis, that is placed on certain words. This can help to overcome the absence of gaps between words in normal conversations.

The preoperational concept of ________ suggests that children in this stage believe that others see the world exactly as they do; that is, that their perspective is the only perspective there is.

How did Piaget and Vygotsky view the "journey" of cognitive development?

One theory that differs from that of Piaget is the ________ knowledge hypothesis, which suggests that children are born with certain knowledge structures already in place that are ready to be modified by experience.

When little Ella points to a sheep at the zoo and says "Doggie," her parents smile and adore how cute she is. They don't realize that she has lumped the sheep into her own mental category of all four-legged animals because the family has a dog at home. This mistake demonstrates ________.

Joe is 18 months old, and is playing with his sister. He looks at her holding the inflatable beach ball, and says "up ball" as he holds out his hands. Joe's attempt to communicate using on a few essential words would be described as ________.

For children with a(n) ________ style, language is primarily an intellectual tool. On the other hand, for children with a(n) ________ style, language is primarily a social tool.

Several criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development have been offered over the years. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

________ speech involves comments that are not intended for others but are designed to help children regulate their own behavior.

Which is the BEST example of overregularization?

Changes in heart rate or brain-wave activity that occur in response to the introduction of a new stimulus are called a(n) ________ response.

Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of a typical 4-year-old's theory of biology?

Which of the following underlies the process of operant conditioning?

Phonemes refer only to vowel sounds, whether long or short in diction. Consonant sounds are morphemes.

Infants whose parents taught them a list of words learned them more effectively than infants who were exposed to media/videos that taught the same words.

Children understand that only living things have offspring that resemble the parents, a concept of naïve biology called ________.

Classical conditioning focuses on the relation between the consequences of behavior and the likelihood that the behavior will recur.

The Study of Human Development

Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development

Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and

Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood

Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Moving Into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development

Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood

Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood

Making it in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood

The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues

Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship,

The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement

Filters

For children with a(n) style, language is primarily an intellectual tool. On the other hand, for children with a(n) style, language is primarily a social tool.