Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Which is the BEST example of habituation?

When a child applies rules to words that are exceptions, the error is referred to as a(n) _____.

Isaac and Larry, two young brothers, are sitting at the breakfast table when their father gives them both a glass of chocolate milk. Isaac's glass is taller but thinner than Larry's glass, which is shorter but wider. Larry gets upset and complains that "Isaac got more milk!" The fact that Larry is only focusing on one feature of his milk glass demonstrates the Piagetian concept of

Why might you consider the appearance of overregularization a good thing in the process of a child's language development?

Macintosh is trying to get his grandson to learn the word "apple." His attempt involves looking at an apple on a tree, making sure that his grandson is also looking, and then saying "apple." Macintosh's effort to teach his grandson is clearly based on

A(n) _____ is an early infant vowel-like sound.

Jaxon's father is teaching him to take a shower by himself, without help. First he turns on the water for Jaxon, helps him get in the tub, and instructs him on how to wash his hair and his body. The next evening, he turns on the water and helps Jaxon into the tub, but lets Jaxon wash himself. The next night, he lets Jaxon turn the water on and adjust the temperature himself. Finally, on the last night he asks Jaxon to go take a shower without helping him at all. This withdrawal of help that is no longer needed demonstrates ________.

Five-year-old Jonah likes to play a scrabble-like game on the family computer. He plays against other family members, and usually does pretty well. When he gets a list of letter tiles that are too difficult for him to use, he asks his mother and father for help. The difference between letter tiles that Jonah can use and letter tiles with which he needs help typifies what Vygotsky called the zone of ________ development.

Research has found that children who are seven to eight months of age will learn a word more rapidly if it is

According to Jean Piaget, children demonstrate ________ when new information that they encounter is incorporated into their existing schemes.

When Maurice's father is teaching him to play racquetball, he observes that there are some strokes that Maurice can do very well, and there are others that he needs help with. The difference between these two skill sets is called the zone of _________ development.

Research has found that infants can distinguish different phonemes from each other as early as ________ of age.

Within Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children demonstrate ________ when they adjust their existing cognitive schemes around new information or experiences that are inconsistent with those schemes.

________ style is to the primary use of objects, persons, or actions as ________ style is to the use of names as well as social phrases.

Tosha is playing jacks, and each time she bounces a ball she has to pick up one additional jack. She counts in her head the number of jacks that must be picked up on each turn. This is an example of private speech.

The three formulae that children use to express their ideas include actor + action, action + object, and possessor + possession.

Toddlers' first conversations tend to be about

Children with a(n) ________ linguistic style use language as a social tool to enhance their interactions with others.

Which of the following is NOT offered by your authors as a method to help increase a preschool child's ability to provide reliable testimony?

When discussing the acquisition of grammar, which type of theorist would be MOST likely to say, "Context and genetics are overrated, what really matters is imitation and reinforcement?"