Question 1

Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
B)  Influenzavirus 
C)  Adenoviruses 
D)  Rhinovirus 
A)  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
B)  Influenzavirus 
C)  Adenoviruses 
D)  Rhinovirus

Question 2

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Tracheal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes

Question 3

When considering the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),the absence of which condition is considered characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progressive respiratory distress 
B)  Bilateral infiltrates 
C)  Decreased pulmonary compliance 
D)  Heart failure 
A)  Progressive respiratory distress 
B)  Bilateral infiltrates 
C)  Decreased pulmonary compliance 
D)  Heart failure

Question 4

Which cytokines activated in childhood asthma produce an allergic response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 
B)  IL-8, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 
C)  IL-4, IL-10, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
D)  IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 
A)  Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 
B)  IL-8, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) 
C)  IL-4, IL-10, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
D)  IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13

Question 5

How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's. 
B)  An adult's chest wall compliance is higher than an infant's. 
C)  An adult's chest wall compliance is the same as an infant's. 
D)  An adult's chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant's. 
A)  An adult's chest wall compliance is lower than an infant's. 
B)  An adult's chest wall compliance is higher than an infant's. 
C)  An adult's chest wall compliance is the same as an infant's. 
D)  An adult's chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant's.

Question 6

Which statement about the advances in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administering glucocorticoids to women in preterm labor accelerates the maturation of the fetus's lungs. 
B)  Administering oxygen to mothers during preterm labor increases their arterial oxygen before the birth of the fetus. 
C)  Treatment includes the instillation of exogenous surfactant down an endotracheal tube of infants weighing less than 1000 g. 
D)  Using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) supports the infant's respiratory function. 
A)  Administering glucocorticoids to women in preterm labor accelerates the maturation of the fetus's lungs. 
B)  Administering oxygen to mothers during preterm labor increases their arterial oxygen before the birth of the fetus. 
C)  Treatment includes the instillation of exogenous surfactant down an endotracheal tube of infants weighing less than 1000 g. 
D)  Using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) supports the infant's respiratory function.

Question 7

What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deficit of interleukin (IL)-1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 
B)  Deficit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 
C)  Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α 
D)  Deficit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL-24, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
A)  Deficit of interleukin (IL)-1 and an excess of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 
B)  Deficit of IL-6 and an excess of IL-2, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 
C)  Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α 
D)  Deficit of IL-3 and an excess of IL-14, IL-24, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin (Ig)is present in childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgA 
A)  IgM 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgA

Question 9

What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consolidation 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  Atelectasis 
D)  Bronchiolar plugging 
A)  Consolidation 
B)  Pulmonary edema 
C)  Atelectasis 
D)  Bronchiolar plugging

Question 10

Which symptom is not a clinical manifestation of croup?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinorrhea 
B)  Sore throat 
C)  Low-grade fever 
D)  Barking cough 
E)  Coarse rhonchi 
A)  Rhinorrhea 
B)  Sore throat 
C)  Low-grade fever 
D)  Barking cough 
E)  Coarse rhonchi

Question 11

What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low birth weight 
B)  Alcohol consumption during pregnancy 
C)  Premature birth 
D)  Smoking during pregnancy 
A)  Low birth weight 
B)  Alcohol consumption during pregnancy 
C)  Premature birth 
D)  Smoking during pregnancy

Question 12

Which statement is true regarding alveoli? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of functioning alveoli is determined by birth. 
B)  The alveoli begin to increase in size starting at 8 years of age. 
C)  The complexity of the alveoli increases into adulthood. 
D)  These structures produce surfactant. 
E)  Capillaries are the origin of alveoli. 
A)  The number of functioning alveoli is determined by birth. 
B)  The alveoli begin to increase in size starting at 8 years of age. 
C)  The complexity of the alveoli increases into adulthood. 
D)  These structures produce surfactant. 
E)  Capillaries are the origin of alveoli.

Question 13

The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)decreases for premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 and 20 
B)  20 and 24 
C)  24 and 30 
D)  30 and 36 
A)  16 and 20 
B)  20 and 24 
C)  24 and 30 
D)  30 and 36

Exam 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Tracheal problems

When considering the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),the absence of which condition is considered characteristic?

Which cytokines activated in childhood asthma produce an allergic response?

How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

Which statement about the advances in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn is incorrect?

What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Which immunoglobulin (Ig)is present in childhood asthma?

What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Which symptom is not a clinical manifestation of croup?

What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Which statement is true regarding alveoli? (Select all that apply.)

The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)decreases for premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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