Question 1

Which receptors are located in the aortic bodies,aortic arch,and carotid bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central chemoreceptors 
B)  Stretch receptors 
C)  J-receptors 
D)  Peripheral chemoreceptors 
A)  Central chemoreceptors 
B)  Stretch receptors 
C)  J-receptors 
D)  Peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 2

How low must the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂)drop before the peripheral chemoreceptors influence ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Below 100 mm Hg 
B)  Below 80 mm Hg 
C)  Below 70 mm Hg 
D)  Below 60 mm Hg 
A)  Below 100 mm Hg 
B)  Below 80 mm Hg 
C)  Below 70 mm Hg 
D)  Below 60 mm Hg

Question 3

The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vagus 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Brachial 
D)  Pectoral 
A)  Vagus 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Brachial 
D)  Pectoral

Question 4

How is most carbon dioxide (CO₂)in the blood transported?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attached to oxygen 
B)  In the form of bicarbonate 
C)  Combined with albumin 
D)  Dissolved in the plasma 
A)  Attached to oxygen 
B)  In the form of bicarbonate 
C)  Combined with albumin 
D)  Dissolved in the plasma

Question 5

Which structures secrete surfactant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I alveolar cells 
B)  Type II alveolar cells 
C)  Alveolar macrophages 
D)  Stretch receptors 
A)  Type I alveolar cells 
B)  Type II alveolar cells 
C)  Alveolar macrophages 
D)  Stretch receptors

Question 6

Match the receptor with its function.
-Initiates cough reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 7

Regarding the respiratory process referred to as remodeling,which statements are true? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Remodeling involves the vascular walls. 
B)  Scarring and thickening occurs during this respiratory process. 
C)  Remodeling results in a permanent change. 
D)  Pulmonary artery hypotension results. 
E)  Remodeling increases blood flow resistance. 
A)  Remodeling involves the vascular walls. 
B)  Scarring and thickening occurs during this respiratory process. 
C)  Remodeling results in a permanent change. 
D)  Pulmonary artery hypotension results. 
E)  Remodeling increases blood flow resistance.

Question 8

Which structures belong to the upper conduction airway? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Oropharynx 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Nasopharynx 
D)  Trachea 
E)  Bronchi 
A)  Oropharynx 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Nasopharynx 
D)  Trachea 
E)  Bronchi

Question 9

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Segmental bronchi 
C)  Alveolocapillary membrane 
D)  Main bronchus 
A)  Trachea 
B)  Segmental bronchi 
C)  Alveolocapillary membrane 
D)  Main bronchus

Question 10

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diaphragmatic muscles 
B)  Muscles of expiration 
C)  Intercostal muscles 
D)  Muscles of inspiration 
A)  Diaphragmatic muscles 
B)  Muscles of expiration 
C)  Intercostal muscles 
D)  Muscles of inspiration

Question 11

Which substances cause airway epithelium to constrict?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine and acetylcholine 
B)  Histamine and prostaglandin 
C)  Bradykinin and thromboxane A 
D)  Leukotrienes and prostacyclin 
A)  Epinephrine and acetylcholine 
B)  Histamine and prostaglandin 
C)  Bradykinin and thromboxane A 
D)  Leukotrienes and prostacyclin

Question 12

Hypoventilation that results in the retention of carbon dioxide will stimulate which receptors in an attempt to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Central chemoreceptors 
C)  Peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  Stretch receptors 
A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Central chemoreceptors 
C)  Peripheral chemoreceptors 
D)  Stretch receptors

Question 13

What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal turbinates 
B)  Alveolar macrophages 
C)  Cilia 
D)  Irritant receptors on the nares 
A)  Nasal turbinates 
B)  Alveolar macrophages 
C)  Cilia 
D)  Irritant receptors on the nares

Question 14

Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased flow resistance 
B)  Fewer alveoli 
C)  Stiffening of the chest wall 
D)  Improved elastic recoil 
A)  Decreased flow resistance 
B)  Fewer alveoli 
C)  Stiffening of the chest wall 
D)  Improved elastic recoil

Question 15

Match the receptor with its function.
-Monitors pH,partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂),and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂)in arterial blood

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 16

What event is characteristic of the function in Zone 1 of the lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood flow through the pulmonary capillary bed increases in regular increments. 
B)  Alveolar pressure is greater than venous pressure but not greater than arterial pressure. 
C)  The capillary bed collapses, and normal blood flow ceases. 
D)  Blood flows through Zone 1, but it is impeded to a certain extent by alveolar pressure. 
A)  Blood flow through the pulmonary capillary bed increases in regular increments. 
B)  Alveolar pressure is greater than venous pressure but not greater than arterial pressure. 
C)  The capillary bed collapses, and normal blood flow ceases. 
D)  Blood flows through Zone 1, but it is impeded to a certain extent by alveolar pressure.

Question 17

What are the effects of aging on the pulmonary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased chest wall compliance 
B)  Decreased lung recoil 
C)  Reduced ventilatory reserve 
D)  Decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) 
E)  Reduced respiratory rate 
A)  Decreased chest wall compliance 
B)  Decreased lung recoil 
C)  Reduced ventilatory reserve 
D)  Decreased partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) 
E)  Reduced respiratory rate

Question 18

What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low alveolar partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Epinephrine 
A)  Low alveolar partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Epinephrine

Question 19

How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolved in plasma 
B)  Bound to hemoglobin 
C)  In the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) 
D)  Bound to protein 
A)  Dissolved in plasma 
B)  Bound to hemoglobin 
C)  In the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) 
D)  Bound to protein

Exam 34: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Which receptors are located in the aortic bodies,aortic arch,and carotid bodies?

How low must the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂)drop before the peripheral chemoreceptors influence ventilation?

The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?

How is most carbon dioxide (CO₂)in the blood transported?

Which structures secrete surfactant?

Match the receptor with its function. -Initiates cough reflex

Regarding the respiratory process referred to as remodeling,which statements are true? (Select all that apply.)

Which structures belong to the upper conduction airway? (Select all that apply.)

Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as which group?

Which substances cause airway epithelium to constrict?

Hypoventilation that results in the retention of carbon dioxide will stimulate which receptors in an attempt to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?

Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system?

Match the receptor with its function. -Monitors pH,partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂),and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂)in arterial blood

What event is characteristic of the function in Zone 1 of the lung?

What are the effects of aging on the pulmonary system?

What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?

How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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