Question 1

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased dietary intake 
B)  Chronic blood loss 
C)  Vitamin deficiency 
D)  Autoimmune disease 
A)  Decreased dietary intake 
B)  Chronic blood loss 
C)  Vitamin deficiency 
D)  Autoimmune disease

Question 2

Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue,weakness,and dyspnea,as well as conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle,concave nails?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pernicious 
B)  Iron deficiency 
C)  Aplastic 
D)  Hemolytic 
A)  Pernicious 
B)  Iron deficiency 
C)  Aplastic 
D)  Hemolytic

Question 3

Which diseases are commonly associated with anemia of chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
B)  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 
C)  Polycythemia vera 
D)  Systemic lupus erythematosus 
E)  Chronic hepatitis 
A)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
B)  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 
C)  Polycythemia vera 
D)  Systemic lupus erythematosus 
E)  Chronic hepatitis

Question 4

Which statement about folic acid is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Folic acid absorption is dependent on the enzyme folacin. 
B)  Folic acid is stored in the liver. 
C)  Folic acid is essential for RNA and DNA synthesis within erythrocytes. 
D)  Folic acid is absorbed in the upper small intestine. 
A)  Folic acid absorption is dependent on the enzyme folacin. 
B)  Folic acid is stored in the liver. 
C)  Folic acid is essential for RNA and DNA synthesis within erythrocytes. 
D)  Folic acid is absorbed in the upper small intestine.

Question 5

When considering hemolytic anemia,which statement is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen. 
B)  Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. 
C)  The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). 
D)  The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin. 
A)  Erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen. 
B)  Heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. 
C)  The patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). 
D)  The erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin.

Question 6

Clinical manifestations of mild-to-moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly,bronze-colored skin,and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron deficiency 
B)  Pernicious 
C)  Sideroblastic 
D)  Aplastic 
A)  Iron deficiency 
B)  Pernicious 
C)  Sideroblastic 
D)  Aplastic

Question 7

What is the most common pathophysiologic process that triggers aplastic anemia (AA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells 
B)  Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells 
C)  Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins 
D)  Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission 
A)  Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells 
B)  Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells 
C)  Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins 
D)  Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission

Question 8

How is the effectiveness of vitamin B₁₂ therapy measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reticulocyte count 
B)  Serum transferring 
C)  Hemoglobin 
D)  Serum vitamin B12 
A)  Reticulocyte count 
B)  Serum transferring 
C)  Hemoglobin 
D)  Serum vitamin B12

Question 9

What causes the atrophy of gastric mucosal cells that result in pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythrocyte destruction 
B)  Folic acid malabsorption 
C)  Vitamin B12 malabsorption 
D)  Poor nutritional intake 
A)  Erythrocyte destruction 
B)  Folic acid malabsorption 
C)  Vitamin B12 malabsorption 
D)  Poor nutritional intake

Question 10

Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days,ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin,and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aplastic 
B)  Sideroblastic 
C)  Anemia of chronic disease 
D)  Iron deficiency 
A)  Aplastic 
B)  Sideroblastic 
C)  Anemia of chronic disease 
D)  Iron deficiency

Question 11

Considering sideroblastic anemia,what would be the expected effect on the plasma iron levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma iron levels would be high. 
B)  Levels would be low. 
C)  Levels would be normal. 
D)  Levels would be only minimally affected. 
A)  Plasma iron levels would be high. 
B)  Levels would be low. 
C)  Levels would be normal. 
D)  Levels would be only minimally affected.

Question 12

Which medications are associated with an intermediate increase in a person's risk for developing aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillin 
B)  Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) 
C)  Phenytoin (Dilantin) 
D)  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) 
E)  Thiazides 
A)  Penicillin 
B)  Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) 
C)  Phenytoin (Dilantin) 
D)  Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) 
E)  Thiazides

Question 13

What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased erythrocyte count 
B)  Destruction of erythrocytes 
C)  Increased blood viscosity 
D)  Neurologic involvement 
A)  Decreased erythrocyte count 
B)  Destruction of erythrocytes 
C)  Increased blood viscosity 
D)  Neurologic involvement

Question 14

Treatment for polycythemia vera involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Therapeutic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus 
B)  Restoration of blood volume by plasma expanders 
C)  Administration of cyanocobalamin 
D)  Blood transfusions 
A)  Therapeutic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus 
B)  Restoration of blood volume by plasma expanders 
C)  Administration of cyanocobalamin 
D)  Blood transfusions

Question 15

The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the intrinsic factor,which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microcytic 
B)  Pernicious 
C)  Hypochromic 
D)  Hemolytic 
A)  Microcytic 
B)  Pernicious 
C)  Hypochromic 
D)  Hemolytic

Question 16

Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing rate and depth of breathing 
B)  Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction 
C)  Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen 
D)  Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin 
A)  Increasing rate and depth of breathing 
B)  Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction 
C)  Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen 
D)  Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin

Question 17

What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanocobalamin by oral intake 
B)  Vitamin B12 by injection 
C)  Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection 
D)  Folate by oral intake 
A)  Cyanocobalamin by oral intake 
B)  Vitamin B12 by injection 
C)  Ferrous fumarate by Z-track injection 
D)  Folate by oral intake

Question 18

Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron deficiency 
B)  Pernicious 
C)  Sideroblastic 
D)  Hemolytic 
A)  Iron deficiency 
B)  Pernicious 
C)  Sideroblastic 
D)  Hemolytic

Question 19

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.Options may be used more than once.
-Sideroblastic anemia

Accepted Answer

A) Normocytic-normochromic anemia 
B) Microcytic-hypochromic anemia 
C) Macrocytic-normochromic anemia 
A) Normocytic-normochromic anemia 
B) Microcytic-hypochromic anemia 
C) Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Exam 28: Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?

Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue,weakness,and dyspnea,as well as conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle,concave nails?

Which diseases are commonly associated with anemia of chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement about folic acid is false?

When considering hemolytic anemia,which statement is true regarding the occurrence of jaundice?

Clinical manifestations of mild-to-moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly,bronze-colored skin,and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia?

What is the most common pathophysiologic process that triggers aplastic anemia (AA)?

How is the effectiveness of vitamin B₁₂ therapy measured?

What causes the atrophy of gastric mucosal cells that result in pernicious anemia?

Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days,ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin,and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia?

Considering sideroblastic anemia,what would be the expected effect on the plasma iron levels?

Which medications are associated with an intermediate increase in a person's risk for developing aplastic anemia? (Select all that apply.)

What is the primary cause of the symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Treatment for polycythemia vera involves which of the following?

The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the intrinsic factor,which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂?

Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?

Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.Options may be used more than once. -Sideroblastic anemia

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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