Question 1

The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bones 
B)  Brain 
C)  Bladder 
D)  Kidney 
A)  Bones 
B)  Brain 
C)  Bladder 
D)  Kidney

Question 2

In a normal,nonmutant state,an oncogene is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Basal cell 
B)  Target cell 
C)  Caretaker gene 
D)  Proto-oncogene 
A)  Basal cell 
B)  Target cell 
C)  Caretaker gene 
D)  Proto-oncogene

Question 3

The Papanicolaou (Pap)test is used to screen for which cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ovarian 
B)  Uterine 
C)  Cervical 
D)  Vaginal 
A)  Ovarian 
B)  Uterine 
C)  Cervical 
D)  Vaginal

Question 4

What is the most common route for distant metastasis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Seeding 
B)  Blood 
C)  Lymphatic vessels 
D)  Invasion 
E)  Proliferation 
A)  Seeding 
B)  Blood 
C)  Lymphatic vessels 
D)  Invasion 
E)  Proliferation

Question 5

What are the most common causes of nosocomial infections among patients with cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Indwelling medical devices 
B)  Suppressed immune system 
C)  Visitor-introduced microorganisms 
D)  Poor appetite 
E)  Inadequate wound care 
A)  Indwelling medical devices 
B)  Suppressed immune system 
C)  Visitor-introduced microorganisms 
D)  Poor appetite 
E)  Inadequate wound care

Question 6

The function of the tumor cell marker is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. 
B)  Treat certain types of cancer. 
C)  Predict where cancers will develop. 
D)  Screen individuals at high risk for cancer. 
A)  Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer. 
B)  Treat certain types of cancer. 
C)  Predict where cancers will develop. 
D)  Screen individuals at high risk for cancer.

Question 7

Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply. 
B)  Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors. 
C)  Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth. 
D)  Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use. 
A)  Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply. 
B)  Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors. 
C)  Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth. 
D)  Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use.

Question 8

Apoptosis is a(an):

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
B)  Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb 
C)  Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene 
D)  Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia 
A)  Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive 
B)  Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb 
C)  Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene 
D)  Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia

Question 9

What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)in cell metastasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  To stimulate growth of nearby tumor cells 
B)  To develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells 
C)  To prevent cancer cells from escaping apoptosis 
D)  To act as a chemical gradient to guide cells to blood vessels 
A)  To stimulate growth of nearby tumor cells 
B)  To develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells 
C)  To prevent cancer cells from escaping apoptosis 
D)  To act as a chemical gradient to guide cells to blood vessels

Question 10

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Chemotherapy

Accepted Answer

A) Is the process of cancer cell growth. 
B) Is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. 
C) Is guided by molecular analysis in specific diseases. 
D) Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in specific cancer cells. 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment. 
A) Is the process of cancer cell growth. 
B) Is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. 
C) Is guided by molecular analysis in specific diseases. 
D) Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in specific cancer cells. 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment.

Question 11

What is the role of caretaker genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maintenance of genomic integrity 
B)  Proliferation of cancer cells 
C)  Secretion of growth factors 
D)  Restoration of normal tissue structure 
A)  Maintenance of genomic integrity 
B)  Proliferation of cancer cells 
C)  Secretion of growth factors 
D)  Restoration of normal tissue structure

Question 12

The ras gene converts from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of another chromosome 
B)  Duplicating a small piece of a chromosome, repeatedly making numerous copies 
C)  Altering one or more nucleotide base pairs 
D)  Promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor-suppressor genes 
A)  Designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of another chromosome 
B)  Duplicating a small piece of a chromosome, repeatedly making numerous copies 
C)  Altering one or more nucleotide base pairs 
D)  Promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor-suppressor genes

Question 13

What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nausea 
B)  Fatigue 
C)  Hair loss 
D)  Weight loss 
A)  Nausea 
B)  Fatigue 
C)  Hair loss 
D)  Weight loss

Question 14

It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2.What is the meaning of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer is confined to the organ of origin. 
B)  Cancer has spread to regional structures. 
C)  Cancer is locally invasive. 
D)  Cancer has spread to distant sites 
A)  Cancer is confined to the organ of origin. 
B)  Cancer has spread to regional structures. 
C)  Cancer is locally invasive. 
D)  Cancer has spread to distant sites

Question 15

What is the cause of anemia in a patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired pancreatic function 
B)  Malnutrition 
C)  Chronic bleeding 
D)  Malabsorption of iron 
A)  Impaired pancreatic function 
B)  Malnutrition 
C)  Chronic bleeding 
D)  Malabsorption of iron

Question 16

Oncogenes are genes that are capable of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation 
B)  Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to provide necessary replacement of tissue 
C)  Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or halt the replacement of tissue 
D)  Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis 
A)  Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation 
B)  Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to provide necessary replacement of tissue 
C)  Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or halt the replacement of tissue 
D)  Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph nodes for metastasis

Question 17

Two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent. 
B)  The first hit stops tissue growth, and the second hit is needed to cause abnormal tissue growth. 
C)  Tumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits to effect carcinogenesis. 
D)  The first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation. 
A)  Each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each gene, one from each parent. 
B)  The first hit stops tissue growth, and the second hit is needed to cause abnormal tissue growth. 
C)  Tumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits to effect carcinogenesis. 
D)  The first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation.

Question 18

Which cancer may be treated with radiation delivered by brachytherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lung 
B)  Colon 
C)  Cervical 
D)  Brain 
A)  Lung 
B)  Colon 
C)  Cervical 
D)  Brain

Question 19

Chronic inflammation causes cancer by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing vasodilation and permeability that alter cellular response to DNA damage 
B)  Liberating lysosomal enzymes when cells are damaged that initiates mutations 
C)  Releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promote mutations 
D)  Increasing the abundance of leukotrienes that are associated with some cancers 
A)  Increasing vasodilation and permeability that alter cellular response to DNA damage 
B)  Liberating lysosomal enzymes when cells are damaged that initiates mutations 
C)  Releasing compounds such as reactive oxygen species that promote mutations 
D)  Increasing the abundance of leukotrienes that are associated with some cancers

Question 20

Inherited mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably what kind of gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proto-oncogenes 
B)  Oncogenes 
C)  Tumor-suppressor genes 
D)  Growth-promoting genes 
A)  Proto-oncogenes 
B)  Oncogenes 
C)  Tumor-suppressor genes 
D)  Growth-promoting genes

Exam 12: Cancer Biology

The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location?

In a normal,nonmutant state,an oncogene is referred to as a:

The Papanicolaou (Pap)test is used to screen for which cancer?

What is the most common route for distant metastasis? (Select all that apply.)

What are the most common causes of nosocomial infections among patients with cancer? (Select all that apply.)

The function of the tumor cell marker is to:

Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to:

Apoptosis is a(an):

What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)in cell metastasis?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Chemotherapy

What is the role of caretaker genes?

The ras gene converts from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene by:

What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2.What is the meaning of this finding?

What is the cause of anemia in a patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer?

Oncogenes are genes that are capable of:

Two "hits" are required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes because:

Which cancer may be treated with radiation delivered by brachytherapy?

Chronic inflammation causes cancer by:

Inherited mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably what kind of gene?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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