Question 1

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Phagocytes gain enhanced recognition and adherence of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 2

An example of a pathogen capable of surviving and even multiplying inside a macrophage is known as: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis) 
B)  Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy) 
C)  Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) 
D)  Clostridium difficile 
E)  Brucella abortus (brucellosis) 
A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis) 
B)  Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy) 
C)  Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) 
D)  Clostridium difficile 
E)  Brucella abortus (brucellosis)

Question 3

Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complement cascade 
B)  Coagulation system 
C)  Kinin system 
D)  Immune system 
A)  Complement cascade 
B)  Coagulation system 
C)  Kinin system 
D)  Immune system

Question 4

What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complement 
B)  Coagulation 
C)  Kinin 
D)  Fibrinolysis 
A)  Complement 
B)  Coagulation 
C)  Kinin 
D)  Fibrinolysis

Question 5

Frequently when H₁ and H₂ receptors are located on the same cells,they act in what fashion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synergistically 
B)  Additively 
C)  Antagonistically 
D)  Agonistically 
A)  Synergistically 
B)  Additively 
C)  Antagonistically 
D)  Agonistically

Question 6

What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation of blood vessels 
B)  Platelet aggregation 
C)  Decreased capillary permeability 
D)  Endothelial cell contraction 
A)  Vasodilation of blood vessels 
B)  Platelet aggregation 
C)  Decreased capillary permeability 
D)  Endothelial cell contraction

Question 7

Which body fluid has the ability to attack the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Perspiration 
B)  Semen 
C)  Tears 
D)  Saliva 
E)  Urine 
A)  Perspiration 
B)  Semen 
C)  Tears 
D)  Saliva 
E)  Urine

Question 8

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal saline 
B)  Povidone-iodine 
C)  Hydrogen peroxide 
D)  Dakin solution 
A)  Normal saline 
B)  Povidone-iodine 
C)  Hydrogen peroxide 
D)  Dakin solution

Question 9

Sebaceous glands protect the body from infection by secreting: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibacterial fatty acids 
B)  Antifungal fatty acids 
C)  Ascorbic acid 
D)  Lactic acid 
E)  Hydrochloric acid 
A)  Antibacterial fatty acids 
B)  Antifungal fatty acids 
C)  Ascorbic acid 
D)  Lactic acid 
E)  Hydrochloric acid

Question 10

In the later stages of an inflammatory response,which phagocytic cell is predominant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  Chemokines 
D)  Eosinophils 
A)  Neutrophils 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  Chemokines 
D)  Eosinophils

Question 11

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. 
B)  Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. 
C)  Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. 
D)  Number of mast cells is insufficient. 
A)  Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. 
B)  Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. 
C)  Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. 
D)  Number of mast cells is insufficient.

Question 12

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epithelialization 
B)  Contraction 
C)  Collagen matrix assembly 
D)  Maturation 
A)  Epithelialization 
B)  Contraction 
C)  Collagen matrix assembly 
D)  Maturation

Question 13

During phagocytosis,what is occurring during the step referred to as opsonization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytes recognize and adhere to the bacteria. 
B)  Microorganisms are ingested. 
C)  Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
D)  An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed. 
A)  Phagocytes recognize and adhere to the bacteria. 
B)  Microorganisms are ingested. 
C)  Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
D)  An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.

Question 14

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide specific responses toward antigens 
B)  To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms 
C)  To prevent infection of the injured tissue 
D)  To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury 
A)  To provide specific responses toward antigens 
B)  To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms 
C)  To prevent infection of the injured tissue 
D)  To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 15

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Leukotrienes 
C)  Tryptase 
D)  Phospholipase 
E)  Bradykinin 
A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Leukotrienes 
C)  Tryptase 
D)  Phospholipase 
E)  Bradykinin

Question 16

When considering white blood cell differentials,acute inflammatory reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Basophils 
A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Basophils

Question 17

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 18

What is an outcome of the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of the clotting cascade 
B)  Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues 
C)  Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine 
D)  Lysis of bacterial cell membranes 
A)  Activation of the clotting cascade 
B)  Prevention of the spread of infection to adjacent tissues 
C)  Inactivation of chemical mediators such as histamine 
D)  Lysis of bacterial cell membranes

Question 19

What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation of blood vessels 
B)  Increased capillary permeability 
C)  Endothelial cell contraction 
D)  Emigration of neutrophils 
A)  Vasodilation of blood vessels 
B)  Increased capillary permeability 
C)  Endothelial cell contraction 
D)  Emigration of neutrophils

Question 20

Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response as a result of which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The circulatory system is too immature to perfuse tissues adequately. 
B)  Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. 
C)  Mast cells are lacking. 
D)  The respiratory system is too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues. 
A)  The circulatory system is too immature to perfuse tissues adequately. 
B)  Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. 
C)  Mast cells are lacking. 
D)  The respiratory system is too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues.

Exam 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Phagocytes gain enhanced recognition and adherence of bacteria.

An example of a pathogen capable of surviving and even multiplying inside a macrophage is known as: (Select all that apply.)

Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?

What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?

Frequently when H₁ and H₂ receptors are located on the same cells,they act in what fashion?

What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?

Which body fluid has the ability to attack the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria? (Select all that apply.)

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

Sebaceous glands protect the body from infection by secreting: (Select all that apply.)

In the later stages of an inflammatory response,which phagocytic cell is predominant?

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

During phagocytosis,what is occurring during the step referred to as opsonization?

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply.)

When considering white blood cell differentials,acute inflammatory reactions are related to elevations of which leukocyte?

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.

What is an outcome of the complement cascade?

What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?

Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response as a result of which condition?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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