Question 1

The sinoatrial node, or cardiac pacemaker, is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrically active nodal tissue located in the wall of the left ventricle 
B)  embedded in the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum 
C)  able to cause the atria and ventricles to contract simultaneously 
D)  able to cause the cardiac muscle to begin to contract at the apex 
E)  embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava 
A)  electrically active nodal tissue located in the wall of the left ventricle 
B)  embedded in the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum 
C)  able to cause the atria and ventricles to contract simultaneously 
D)  able to cause the cardiac muscle to begin to contract at the apex 
E)  embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the superior vena cava

Question 2

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrium 
B)  Pericardial cavity 
C)  Ventricle 
D)  Aortic arch 
E)  Esophagus 
A)  Atrium 
B)  Pericardial cavity 
C)  Ventricle 
D)  Aortic arch 
E)  Esophagus

Question 3

The cardiac skeleton reinforces the valves and helps prevent overexpansion of the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is the major surgical procedure used to treat obstructed regions in the coronary circulation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The procedure is called coronary artery

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

A)  They drain into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the inferior vena cava. 
B)  Together they supply a small portion of the cardiac muscle with oxygen. 
C)  They originate at the base of the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel. 
D)  They transport blood directly into the ascending aorta. 
E)  Blood pressure in these vessels is the lowest found anywhere in the systemic circuit. 
A)  They drain into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the inferior vena cava. 
B)  Together they supply a small portion of the cardiac muscle with oxygen. 
C)  They originate at the base of the ascending aorta and are the first branches off this vessel. 
D)  They transport blood directly into the ascending aorta. 
E)  Blood pressure in these vessels is the lowest found anywhere in the systemic circuit.

Question 6

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary artery 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Bronchus of lung 
D)  Superior vena cava 
E)  Inferior vena cava 
A)  Pulmonary artery 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Bronchus of lung 
D)  Superior vena cava 
E)  Inferior vena cava

Question 7

Which element of the fibrous pericardium stabilizes the position of the heart and associated vessels within the mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

A)  reticular fibers 
B)  collagen fibers 
C)  skeletal muscle 
D)  elastic fibers 
E)  cartilage 
A)  reticular fibers 
B)  collagen fibers 
C)  skeletal muscle 
D)  elastic fibers 
E)  cartilage

Question 8

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

Accepted Answer

A)  Trabeculae carneae 
B)  Pectinate muscles 
C)  Chordae tendineae 
D)  Papillary muscles 
E)  Moderator bands 
A)  Trabeculae carneae 
B)  Pectinate muscles 
C)  Chordae tendineae 
D)  Papillary muscles 
E)  Moderator bands

Question 9

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchus of lung 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Pulmonary trunk 
D)  Aorta 
E)  Pulmonary artery 
A)  Bronchus of lung 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Pulmonary trunk 
D)  Aorta 
E)  Pulmonary artery

Question 10

During the late stages of ventricular diastole, the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  atria are contracting 
B)  AV valves are closed 
C)  ventricles are contracting 
D)  pressure in the ventricles does not change 
E)  ventricles are filling 
A)  atria are contracting 
B)  AV valves are closed 
C)  ventricles are contracting 
D)  pressure in the ventricles does not change 
E)  ventricles are filling

Question 11

Which of the following is a feature that is unique to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrioventriciular (mitral) valve 
B)  fossa ovalis 
C)  right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve 
D)  foramen ovale 
E)  conus arteriosus 
A)  left atrioventriciular (mitral) valve 
B)  fossa ovalis 
C)  right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve 
D)  foramen ovale 
E)  conus arteriosus

Question 12

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moderator band 
B)  Chordae tendineae 
C)  Papillary muscle 
D)  Interventricular septum 
E)  Trabeculae carneae 
A)  Moderator band 
B)  Chordae tendineae 
C)  Papillary muscle 
D)  Interventricular septum 
E)  Trabeculae carneae

Question 13

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.

Accepted Answer

A)  Brachiocephalic trunk 
B)  Left common carotid artery 
C)  Pulmonary trunk 
D)  Aorta 
E)  Bronchus of lung 
A)  Brachiocephalic trunk 
B)  Left common carotid artery 
C)  Pulmonary trunk 
D)  Aorta 
E)  Bronchus of lung

Question 14

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary trunk 
B)  Pulmonary artery 
C)  Inferior vena cava 
D)  Ascending aorta 
E)  Superior vena cava 
A)  Pulmonary trunk 
B)  Pulmonary artery 
C)  Inferior vena cava 
D)  Ascending aorta 
E)  Superior vena cava

Question 15

The major branches of the right coronary artery are the atrial branches, which supply the right atrium and a portion of the left atrium; the posterior interventricular branches, which supply the interventricular septum and adjacent portions of the ventricles; and the branches to the conducting system, which supply the SA node and the AV node.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pericardial cavity 
B)  Visceral pericardium 
C)  Peritoneal cavity 
D)  Parietal pericardium 
E)  Pleural cavity 
A)  Pericardial cavity 
B)  Visceral pericardium 
C)  Peritoneal cavity 
D)  Parietal pericardium 
E)  Pleural cavity

Question 17

Cardiac pacemaker cells of the SA node depolarize and theoretically generate a resting heart rate of approximately ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  60-70 beats per minute 
B)  55-65 beats per minute 
C)  80-100 beats per minute 
D)  45-55 beats per minute 
E)  110-120 beats per minute 
A)  60-70 beats per minute 
B)  55-65 beats per minute 
C)  80-100 beats per minute 
D)  45-55 beats per minute 
E)  110-120 beats per minute

Question 18

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.

Accepted Answer

A)  Auricle 
B)  Interatrial septum 
C)  Ventricle 
D)  Interventricular septum 
E)  Atrium 
A)  Auricle 
B)  Interatrial septum 
C)  Ventricle 
D)  Interventricular septum 
E)  Atrium

Question 19

The primary function of the pericardial fluid is to provide ________ between the pericardial membranes.

Accepted Answer

A)  friction 
B)  impulse stimulation 
C)  pressure 
D)  perforation 
E)  lubrication 
A)  friction 
B)  impulse stimulation 
C)  pressure 
D)  perforation 
E)  lubrication

Question 20

The ________ carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  arterial circle of Willis 
B)  pulmonary circuit 
C)  infundibular circuit 
D)  systemic circuit 
E)  hepatic portal circuit 
A)  arterial circle of Willis 
B)  pulmonary circuit 
C)  infundibular circuit 
D)  systemic circuit 
E)  hepatic portal circuit

Exam 21: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

The sinoatrial node, or cardiac pacemaker, is ________.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

The cardiac skeleton reinforces the valves and helps prevent overexpansion of the heart.

What is the major surgical procedure used to treat obstructed regions in the coronary circulation of the heart?

Which of the following is true of the coronary arteries?

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Which element of the fibrous pericardium stabilizes the position of the heart and associated vessels within the mediastinum?

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.

During the late stages of ventricular diastole, the ________.

Which of the following is a feature that is unique to the left atrium?

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

Cardiac pacemaker cells of the SA node depolarize and theoretically generate a resting heart rate of approximately ________.

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.

The primary function of the pericardial fluid is to provide ________ between the pericardial membranes.

The ________ carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs.

Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Foundations: The Cell

Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

The Skeletal System: Articulations

The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization

The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature

Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Embryology and Human Development

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