Question 1

Which event typically occurs at the start of a cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular blood pressure drops until reverse blood flow pushes the cusps of the semilunar valves together. 
B)  Atrial contraction forces a small amount of blood into the relaxed ventricles. 
C)  The semilunar valves open and blood is ejected. 
D)  Ventricular contraction pushes the atrioventricular valves closed. 
E)  The ventricles fully contract. 
A)  Ventricular blood pressure drops until reverse blood flow pushes the cusps of the semilunar valves together. 
B)  Atrial contraction forces a small amount of blood into the relaxed ventricles. 
C)  The semilunar valves open and blood is ejected. 
D)  Ventricular contraction pushes the atrioventricular valves closed. 
E)  The ventricles fully contract.

Question 2

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.

Accepted Answer

A)  Papillary muscles 
B)  Chordae tendineae 
C)  Moderator bands 
D)  Trabeculae carneae 
E)  Pectinate muscles 
A)  Papillary muscles 
B)  Chordae tendineae 
C)  Moderator bands 
D)  Trabeculae carneae 
E)  Pectinate muscles

Question 3

The heart rate may be influenced or modified by the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Figure 21.5
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  Purkinje fiber 
C)  Internodal pathway 
D)  Moderator band 
E)  AV bundle 
A)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  Purkinje fiber 
C)  Internodal pathway 
D)  Moderator band 
E)  AV bundle

Question 5

The fibrous pericardium lies deep to the serous pericardium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascending aorta 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Aortic arch 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
E)  Pulmonary trunk 
A)  Ascending aorta 
B)  Pulmonary vein 
C)  Aortic arch 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
E)  Pulmonary trunk

Question 7

Describe cardiac arrhythmias and briefly discuss their different clinical classifications.

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias are abnormal cardiac

Question 8

Which structures are responsible for creating a direct electrical connection between cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions 
B)  maculae adherens 
C)  intercalated discs 
D)  desmosomes 
E)  fascia adherens 
A)  gap junctions 
B)  maculae adherens 
C)  intercalated discs 
D)  desmosomes 
E)  fascia adherens

Question 9

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label AA.

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve 
B)  Aortic valve 
C)  Left atrioventricular (mitral) valve 
D)  Pulmonary valve 
E)  Bicuspid valve 
A)  Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve 
B)  Aortic valve 
C)  Left atrioventricular (mitral) valve 
D)  Pulmonary valve 
E)  Bicuspid valve

Question 10

Figure 21.5
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

Accepted Answer

A)  AV bundle 
B)  Atrioventricular node 
C)  Moderator band 
D)  Sinoatrial node 
E)  Bundle branch 
A)  AV bundle 
B)  Atrioventricular node 
C)  Moderator band 
D)  Sinoatrial node 
E)  Bundle branch

Question 11

The visceral pericardium is also called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  endocardium 
B)  parietal pericardium 
C)  epicardium 
D)  myocardium 
E)  fibrous pericardium 
A)  endocardium 
B)  parietal pericardium 
C)  epicardium 
D)  myocardium 
E)  fibrous pericardium

Question 12

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary vein 
B)  Pulmonary trunk 
C)  Inferior vena cava 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
E)  Superior vena cava 
A)  Pulmonary vein 
B)  Pulmonary trunk 
C)  Inferior vena cava 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
E)  Superior vena cava

Question 13

The left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circuit through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrioventricular (mitral) valve 
B)  pulmonary veins 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  ascending aorta 
E)  venae cavae 
A)  left atrioventricular (mitral) valve 
B)  pulmonary veins 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  ascending aorta 
E)  venae cavae

Question 14

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label S.

Accepted Answer

A)  Superior vena cava 
B)  Pulmonary artery 
C)  Brachiocephalic trunk 
D)  Pulmonary vein 
E)  Aorta 
A)  Superior vena cava 
B)  Pulmonary artery 
C)  Brachiocephalic trunk 
D)  Pulmonary vein 
E)  Aorta

Question 15

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance between the base and apex decreases, and the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is a major component of the cardiac conduction system located in the interventricular septum, and extends toward the apex of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  SA node 
B)  bundle branches 
C)  AV node 
D)  Purkinje fibers 
E)  internodal pathways 
A)  SA node 
B)  bundle branches 
C)  AV node 
D)  Purkinje fibers 
E)  internodal pathways

Question 17

The cardiac skeleton of the heart functions to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  provide elasticity that helps return the heart to its original shape after each contraction 
B)  physically isolating the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscle cells 
C)  help distribute the force of contraction of the heart 
D)  reinforcing the heart valves 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  provide elasticity that helps return the heart to its original shape after each contraction 
B)  physically isolating the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscle cells 
C)  help distribute the force of contraction of the heart 
D)  reinforcing the heart valves 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Figure 21.1
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

Accepted Answer

A)  Peritoneal cavity 
B)  Visceral pericardium 
C)  Pleural cavity 
D)  Parietal pericardium 
E)  Pericardial cavity 
A)  Peritoneal cavity 
B)  Visceral pericardium 
C)  Pleural cavity 
D)  Parietal pericardium 
E)  Pericardial cavity

Question 19

Which chamber of the heart can generate the greatest pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrium 
B)  left ventricle 
C)  right atrium 
D)  right ventricle 
E)  Both ventricles create greater pressures equally and simultaneously than do the atria. 
A)  left atrium 
B)  left ventricle 
C)  right atrium 
D)  right ventricle 
E)  Both ventricles create greater pressures equally and simultaneously than do the atria.

Question 20

Figure 21.4
   
Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
-Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conus arteriosus 
B)  Ductus venosus 
C)  Fossa ovalis 
D)  Coronary sinus 
E)  Ligamentum arteriosum 
A)  Conus arteriosus 
B)  Ductus venosus 
C)  Fossa ovalis 
D)  Coronary sinus 
E)  Ligamentum arteriosum

Exam 21: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Which event typically occurs at the start of a cardiac cycle?

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.

The heart rate may be influenced or modified by the autonomic nervous system.

Figure 21.5 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

The fibrous pericardium lies deep to the serous pericardium.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

Describe cardiac arrhythmias and briefly discuss their different clinical classifications.

Which structures are responsible for creating a direct electrical connection between cardiac muscle cells?

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label AA.

Figure 21.5 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

The visceral pericardium is also called the ________.

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

The left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circuit through the ________.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label S.

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance between the base and apex decreases, and the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases.

Which of the following is a major component of the cardiac conduction system located in the interventricular septum, and extends toward the apex of the heart?

The cardiac skeleton of the heart functions to ________.

Figure 21.1 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

Which chamber of the heart can generate the greatest pressure?

Figure 21.4 Using the above figure, identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions. -Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Foundations: The Cell

Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

The Skeletal System: Axial Division

The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

The Skeletal System: Articulations

The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization

The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

The Muscular System: Appendicular Musculature

Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

The Nervous System: Neural Tissue

The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord

The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

The Nervous System: General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Embryology and Human Development

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