Exam 3: The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Explain why cortisol is referred to as the so-called "stress hormone.

The brain area most closely associated with the energization and inhibition of movement and motivated action is the:

Explain the role the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays in the pursuit of a long-term goal.

Which of the following statements about the neural interventions between the frontal cortex and the amygdala is most true?

If a person took a personality inventory and scored high on the BAS (Behavior Activating Style) and low on the BIS (Behavior Inhibition System) scales, what sort of personality would you expect from this person?

Explain the role the anterior cingulate cortex plays in resolving conflict to exert cognitive control over decision-making.

The __is a small brain structure that comprises less than 1% of the total volume of the brain. Despite its small size, it is a motivational giant associated with motivations such As hunger and thirst.

Given the following scenario, what brain structure would be expected to be highly active? The person looks at a menu, trying to decide which item to order. As she considers the options listed in front of her, her awareness of her past experiences With the various items informs her decision to choose option A over option B.

The human brain contains about ___neurons.

Explain the different functions of the posterior insula and the anterior insula in the processing and experience of feelings.

The ___brain is associated with urges and impulses and with emotion-rich motivations such as hunger, thirst, anger, fear, anxiety, pleasure, desire, reward, and wanting.

Wanting (needing something) and liking (experiencing pleasure) typically go hand-in-hand and complement one another.But, the two motivational experiences can Diverge apart from one another, and that is typically what happens during:

Explain how a person's amount of pleasure rises and falls in the typical pleasure cycle (searching, consuming, and satiation).Then explain how a person's amount of pleasure rises and falls in the muted pleasure cycle during addiction.

Explain the environmental conditions that lead to dopamine release in the brain.

Explain the interrelationships between the right and left prefrontal cortex of the brain and the person's subsequent experience of positive and negative emotionality.

The __controls the pituitary gland, hence the body's endocrine system.

The ___evaluates the unlearned emotional value information of basic sensory rewards and internal bodily states.It is responsible for emotional control.

Provide one concrete example for each of the following principles in brain functioning: a. Specific brain structures generate specific motivational states. b. Day-to-day events stir biochemical agents into action.