Question 1

__describes the process through which the self expands and elaborates itself into an ever-increasing complexity.

Accepted Answer

A) Differentiation 
B) Dissonance 
C) Identity 
D) Integration 
A) Differentiation 
B) Dissonance 
C) Identity 
D) Integration

Question 2

Describe the self-concordant model. Discuss how self-concordant goals generate effort, need-satisfying experiences, and changes in psychological well-being.

Accepted Answer

The self-concordant model is a framework

Question 3

According to Baumeister and colleagues' limited strength model of self-control, What action can one take to increase the capacity to exert self-control?

Accepted Answer

A) through exercise 
B) through planning 
C) through practice 
D) through seeing a therapist 
A) through exercise 
B) through planning 
C) through practice 
D) through seeing a therapist

Question 4

The biggest difference between a self-concordant goal and a self-discordant goal is that a self-concordant goal:

Accepted Answer

A) is easier to attain. 
B) is harder to attain. 
C) reflects interests and core values. 
D) reflects greater extrinsic motivation. 
A) is easier to attain. 
B) is harder to attain. 
C) reflects interests and core values. 
D) reflects greater extrinsic motivation.

Question 5

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-object"?

Accepted Answer

A) Define the self 
B) Develop personal potential 
C) Increase self-esteem 
D) Regulate the self 
A) Define the self 
B) Develop personal potential 
C) Increase self-esteem 
D) Regulate the self

Question 6

Relating the self to society shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) agency 
B) identity 
C) self-concept 
D) self-esteem 
A) agency 
B) identity 
C) self-concept 
D) self-esteem

Question 7

The textbook identifies four problems that take center stage in the motivational struggles of the self.Which one of the following is not one of the self's motivational struggles?

Accepted Answer

A) defining or creating the self 
B) discovering and developing personal potential 
C) increasing self-esteem 
D) managing or regulating the self 
A) defining or creating the self 
B) discovering and developing personal potential 
C) increasing self-esteem 
D) managing or regulating the self

Question 8

Which of the following is key to developing competent self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) advice and admonition to "visualize success" 
B) high levels of cognitive dissonance 
C) mixture of mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals 
D) observation and imitation of an expert model. 
A) advice and admonition to "visualize success" 
B) high levels of cognitive dissonance 
C) mixture of mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals 
D) observation and imitation of an expert model.

Question 9

___selves, which motivate goal-directed behavior, are the imagined selves a person would eventually like to become.

Accepted Answer

A) Actual 
B) Consistent 
C) Ought to 
D) Possible 
A) Actual 
B) Consistent 
C) Ought to 
D) Possible

Question 10

Self-concordance refers to a sense of __that people have regarding their goals and strivings.

Accepted Answer

A) confidence 
B) longevity 
C) ownership 
D) positivity 
A) confidence 
B) longevity 
C) ownership 
D) positivity

Question 11

According to the limited strength model of self-control, which event best explains why people experience self-regulation failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Consuming a high-calorie drink 
B) Experiencing psychological need satisfaction 
C) Getting advice from others 
D) Resisting a temptation 
A) Consuming a high-calorie drink 
B) Experiencing psychological need satisfaction 
C) Getting advice from others 
D) Resisting a temptation

Question 12

Explain how possible selves energize and direct behavior.

Accepted Answer

Possible selves are the different versio

Question 13

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-agent"?

Accepted Answer

A) Define the self 
B) Develop personal potential 
C) Increase self-esteem 
D) Relate the self to society 
A) Define the self 
B) Develop personal potential 
C) Increase self-esteem 
D) Relate the self to society

Question 14

The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational analysis of behavior is that:

Accepted Answer

A) no programs yet exist to show how self-esteem can be increased. 
B) self-esteem is too difficult to measure to be treated as a scientific construct. 
C) self-esteem changes and varies too much with situational events. 
D) there are almost no findings that self-esteem causes anything at all. 
A) no programs yet exist to show how self-esteem can be increased. 
B) self-esteem is too difficult to measure to be treated as a scientific construct. 
C) self-esteem changes and varies too much with situational events. 
D) there are almost no findings that self-esteem causes anything at all.

Question 15

In the radish study (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998), participants in the experimental group were assigned the high self-control task of eating radishes (and resisting the chocolate chip cookies), while participants in the control group were assigned the no-self-control task of eating the chocolate chip cookies.Participants were then asked to complete a series of impossible-to-solve geometry problems. The results showed that:

Accepted Answer

A) On average, participants who ate the chocolate chip cookies persisted in solving the geometry problems for longer periods of time. 
B) On average, participants who ate the chocolate chip cookies persisted in solving the geometry problems for shorter periods of time. 
C) On average, participants who ate radishes instead of cookies persisted in solving the geometry problems for longer periods of time. 
D) Basically, the results were inconclusive, as neither group was significantly better than the other. 
A) On average, participants who ate the chocolate chip cookies persisted in solving the geometry problems for longer periods of time. 
B) On average, participants who ate the chocolate chip cookies persisted in solving the geometry problems for shorter periods of time. 
C) On average, participants who ate radishes instead of cookies persisted in solving the geometry problems for longer periods of time. 
D) Basically, the results were inconclusive, as neither group was significantly better than the other.

Question 16

Explain how accomplishing one's self-concordant goals allows the person to set even
more self-concordant goals in the future.

Accepted Answer

Accomplishing self-concordant goals allo

Question 17

Managing the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) agency 
B) self-concept 
C) self-esteem 
D) self-regulation 
A) agency 
B) self-concept 
C) self-esteem 
D) self-regulation

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem is most true?

Accepted Answer

A) High self-esteem causes high subsequent achievement/performance. 
B) People with low self-esteem are significantly more prone to aggression and acts of violence than are people with high self-esteem. 
C) Self-esteem is a by-product of life's satisfactions, triumphs, and positive relationships. 
D) the best way to increase another person's motivation is to increase his or her self-esteem. 
A) High self-esteem causes high subsequent achievement/performance. 
B) People with low self-esteem are significantly more prone to aggression and acts of violence than are people with high self-esteem. 
C) Self-esteem is a by-product of life's satisfactions, triumphs, and positive relationships. 
D) the best way to increase another person's motivation is to increase his or her self-esteem.

Question 19

Analyses of the relation between goals that people strive for and subjective well-being is:

Accepted Answer

A) Well-being is about adopting an equal ratio of performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. 
B) Well-being is more about what one accomplishes in life rather than what one actually strives for. 
C) Well-being is more about consciously and intentionally strivings than it is about unconscious and automatic strivings. 
D) Well-being is what one is striving for rather than what one actually attains. 
A) Well-being is about adopting an equal ratio of performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. 
B) Well-being is more about what one accomplishes in life rather than what one actually strives for. 
C) Well-being is more about consciously and intentionally strivings than it is about unconscious and automatic strivings. 
D) Well-being is what one is striving for rather than what one actually attains.

Question 20

Explain the origin of self-schemas. Also explain how self-schemas motivate action.

Accepted Answer

Self-schemas are cognitive structures th

__describes the process through which the self expands and elaborates itself into an ever-increasing complexity.

Describe the self-concordant model. Discuss how self-concordant goals generate effort, need-satisfying experiences, and changes in psychological well-being.

According to Baumeister and colleagues' limited strength model of self-control, What action can one take to increase the capacity to exert self-control?

The biggest difference between a self-concordant goal and a self-discordant goal is that a self-concordant goal:

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-object"?

Relating the self to society shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

The textbook identifies four problems that take center stage in the motivational struggles of the self.Which one of the following is not one of the self's motivational struggles?

Which of the following is key to developing competent self-regulation?

___selves, which motivate goal-directed behavior, are the imagined selves a person would eventually like to become.

Self-concordance refers to a sense of __that people have regarding their goals and strivings.

According to the limited strength model of self-control, which event best explains why people experience self-regulation failure?

Explain how possible selves energize and direct behavior.

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-agent"?

The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational analysis of behavior is that:

Explain how accomplishing one's self-concordant goals allows the person to set even more self-concordant goals in the future.

Managing the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem is most true?

Analyses of the relation between goals that people strive for and subjective well-being is:

Explain the origin of self-schemas. Also explain how self-schemas motivate action.

Introduction

Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective

The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Physiological Needs

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

Psychological Needs

Implicit Motives

Goal Setting and Goal Striving

Mindsets

Personal Control Beliefs

Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

Aspects of Emotion

Individual Emotions

Growth Motivation and Positive Psychology

Unconscious Motivation

Interventions

Filters

Exam 11: The Self and Its Strivings

__describes the process through which the self expands and elaborates itself into an ever-increasing complexity.

Describe the self-concordant model. Discuss how self-concordant goals generate effort, need-satisfying experiences, and changes in psychological well-being.

According to Baumeister and colleagues' limited strength model of self-control, What action can one take to increase the capacity to exert self-control?

The biggest difference between a self-concordant goal and a self-discordant goal is that a self-concordant goal:

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-object"?

Relating the self to society shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

The textbook identifies four problems that take center stage in the motivational struggles of the self.Which one of the following is not one of the self's motivational struggles?

Which of the following is key to developing competent self-regulation?

___selves, which motivate goal-directed behavior, are the imagined selves a person would eventually like to become.

Self-concordance refers to a sense of __that people have regarding their goals and strivings.

According to the limited strength model of self-control, which event best explains why people experience self-regulation failure?

Explain how possible selves energize and direct behavior.

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-agent"?

The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational analysis of behavior is that:

Explain how accomplishing one's self-concordant goals allows the person to set even more self-concordant goals in the future.

Managing the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem is most true?

Analyses of the relation between goals that people strive for and subjective well-being is:

Explain the origin of self-schemas. Also explain how self-schemas motivate action.

Introduction

Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective

The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Physiological Needs

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

Psychological Needs

Implicit Motives

Goal Setting and Goal Striving

Mindsets

Personal Control Beliefs

Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

Aspects of Emotion

Individual Emotions

Growth Motivation and Positive Psychology

Unconscious Motivation

Interventions

Filters