Question 1

Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Human biology

Accepted Answer

A)  is 75 percent genotype and 25 percent phenotype. 
B)  is all in the genes. 
C)  is no longer affected by evolutionary processes. 
D)  remains the best explanation for genetic evolution. 
E)  is not set at birth; it has considerable plasticity. 
A)  is 75 percent genotype and 25 percent phenotype. 
B)  is all in the genes. 
C)  is no longer affected by evolutionary processes. 
D)  remains the best explanation for genetic evolution. 
E)  is not set at birth; it has considerable plasticity.

Question 3

What role do recombination and independent assortment play in evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  They act to reduce the overall fitness of a breeding population. 
B)  They act to create genetic variability in a breeding population. 
C)  They work to limit the amount of variation in a population. 
D)  They increase the frequencies of deleterious genes. 
E)  They work to limit the number of potential phenotypes. 
A)  They act to reduce the overall fitness of a breeding population. 
B)  They act to create genetic variability in a breeding population. 
C)  They work to limit the amount of variation in a population. 
D)  They increase the frequencies of deleterious genes. 
E)  They work to limit the number of potential phenotypes.

Question 4

During the 18th century, many scholars became interested in biological diversity, human origins, and our position within the classification of plants and animals. At that time, the most commonly accepted explanation of the origin of species was

Accepted Answer

A)  creationism, the belief that biological similarities and differences originated at the Creation and that these characteristics, once set, could not change. 
B)  biblical punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  catastrophism, the belief that species arise from one another through a long and gradual process of transformation. 
D)  Mendelianism. 
E)  uniformitarianism, the belief that natural forces at work today also explain past events. 
A)  creationism, the belief that biological similarities and differences originated at the Creation and that these characteristics, once set, could not change. 
B)  biblical punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  catastrophism, the belief that species arise from one another through a long and gradual process of transformation. 
D)  Mendelianism. 
E)  uniformitarianism, the belief that natural forces at work today also explain past events.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about attempts to assign humans to discrete racial categories, purportedly based on common ancestry, is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are based on global racial categories that vary little from one society to another. 
B)  They are culturally arbitrary, even though most people assume they are based in biology. 
C)  They are based on genotypic rather than phenotypic characteristics. 
D)  They are applied to endogamous breeding populations. 
E)  They are a recent phenomenon brought on by globalization. 
A)  They are based on global racial categories that vary little from one society to another. 
B)  They are culturally arbitrary, even though most people assume they are based in biology. 
C)  They are based on genotypic rather than phenotypic characteristics. 
D)  They are applied to endogamous breeding populations. 
E)  They are a recent phenomenon brought on by globalization.

Question 6

In understanding the problems with attempts at human racial classification, why is it important to know the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although phenotypic characteristics may change, the genetic material of populations stays the same for a long time. 
B)  The phenotypic traits typically used to classify humans into races go together as genetic units. 
C)  Phenotypic similarities and differences always have a genetic basis. 
D)  Attempts at human racial classification have typically used phenotypic traits like skin color as markers of common ancestry, but many such traits do not reflect shared genetic material. Instead, they are often the result of different populations biologically adapting to similar environmental stressors in similar ways. 
E)  Attempts at human racial classification have typically used genotypic traits like blood type as markers of common ancestry, and these traits are passed on from generation to generation in discrete bundles. 
A)  Although phenotypic characteristics may change, the genetic material of populations stays the same for a long time. 
B)  The phenotypic traits typically used to classify humans into races go together as genetic units. 
C)  Phenotypic similarities and differences always have a genetic basis. 
D)  Attempts at human racial classification have typically used phenotypic traits like skin color as markers of common ancestry, but many such traits do not reflect shared genetic material. Instead, they are often the result of different populations biologically adapting to similar environmental stressors in similar ways. 
E)  Attempts at human racial classification have typically used genotypic traits like blood type as markers of common ancestry, and these traits are passed on from generation to generation in discrete bundles.

Question 7

Physical features cluster into discrete genetic units.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Rickets is caused by an overabundance of vitamin D in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The HbS allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa, India, and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Historically, scientists have approached the study of human biological diversity in two main ways: racial classification (now largely abandoned), and the current explanatory approach, which focuses on understanding specific differences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Balanced polymorphism refers to two or more alleles of the same gene that maintain constant frequencies in a population from generation to generation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Although Darwin became the best-known evolutionist, the idea of evolution had been around well before him. Darwin's key contribution was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution, which is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  lamarckianism. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  creationism. 
D)  catastrophism. 
E)  mutation. 
A)  lamarckianism. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  creationism. 
D)  catastrophism. 
E)  mutation.

Question 13

What is the process by which sex cells are produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection 
B)  recombination 
C)  mitosis 
D)  independent assortment 
E)  meiosis 
A)  directional selection 
B)  recombination 
C)  mitosis 
D)  independent assortment 
E)  meiosis

Question 14

Against what does gene flow act?

Accepted Answer

A)  balanced polymorphisms 
B)  migration 
C)  mutations 
D)  natural selection 
E)  speciation 
A)  balanced polymorphisms 
B)  migration 
C)  mutations 
D)  natural selection 
E)  speciation

Question 15

Darwin proposed the theory of evolution, although the fact of evolution was known well before his work.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

East Asians who have migrated recently from India and Pakistan to northern areas of the United Kingdom have a higher incidence of rickets and osteoporosis than the general British population. This illustrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection's role in determining skin color is a thing of the past, relevant only prior to the sixteenth century when massive migrations of populations altered the geographic distribution of dark-skinned people. 
B)  natural selection continues today. 
C)  because of global warming, the lack of sunlight that people are exposed to in these northern regions is made up for by the intensity of the sunlight. 
D)  genetic adaptation of environmental stressors can occur within one generation. 
E)  cultural adaptation provides effective shortcuts to the genetically disadvantaged in a foreign environment. 
A)  natural selection's role in determining skin color is a thing of the past, relevant only prior to the sixteenth century when massive migrations of populations altered the geographic distribution of dark-skinned people. 
B)  natural selection continues today. 
C)  because of global warming, the lack of sunlight that people are exposed to in these northern regions is made up for by the intensity of the sunlight. 
D)  genetic adaptation of environmental stressors can occur within one generation. 
E)  cultural adaptation provides effective shortcuts to the genetically disadvantaged in a foreign environment.

Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.

Human biology

What role do recombination and independent assortment play in evolution?

During the 18th century, many scholars became interested in biological diversity, human origins, and our position within the classification of plants and animals. At that time, the most commonly accepted explanation of the origin of species was

Which of the following statements about attempts to assign humans to discrete racial categories, purportedly based on common ancestry, is true?

In understanding the problems with attempts at human racial classification, why is it important to know the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Physical features cluster into discrete genetic units.

Rickets is caused by an overabundance of vitamin D in the body.

The Hb^S allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa, India, and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.

Historically, scientists have approached the study of human biological diversity in two main ways: racial classification (now largely abandoned), and the current explanatory approach, which focuses on understanding specific differences.

Balanced polymorphism refers to two or more alleles of the same gene that maintain constant frequencies in a population from generation to generation.

Although Darwin became the best-known evolutionist, the idea of evolution had been around well before him. Darwin's key contribution was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution, which is known as

What is the process by which sex cells are produced?

Against what does gene flow act?

Darwin proposed the theory of evolution, although the fact of evolution was known well before his work.

East Asians who have migrated recently from India and Pakistan to northern areas of the United Kingdom have a higher incidence of rickets and osteoporosis than the general British population. This illustrates that

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System, Colonialism, and Inequality

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 4: Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.

Human biology

What role do recombination and independent assortment play in evolution?

During the 18th century, many scholars became interested in biological diversity, human origins, and our position within the classification of plants and animals. At that time, the most commonly accepted explanation of the origin of species was

Which of the following statements about attempts to assign humans to discrete racial categories, purportedly based on common ancestry, is true?

In understanding the problems with attempts at human racial classification, why is it important to know the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Physical features cluster into discrete genetic units.

Rickets is caused by an overabundance of vitamin D in the body.

The HbS allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa, India, and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.

Historically, scientists have approached the study of human biological diversity in two main ways: racial classification (now largely abandoned), and the current explanatory approach, which focuses on understanding specific differences.

Balanced polymorphism refers to two or more alleles of the same gene that maintain constant frequencies in a population from generation to generation.

Although Darwin became the best-known evolutionist, the idea of evolution had been around well before him. Darwin's key contribution was to propose a mechanism that drives evolution, which is known as

What is the process by which sex cells are produced?

Against what does gene flow act?

Darwin proposed the theory of evolution, although the fact of evolution was known well before his work.

East Asians who have migrated recently from India and Pakistan to northern areas of the United Kingdom have a higher incidence of rickets and osteoporosis than the general British population. This illustrates that

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System, Colonialism, and Inequality

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

The Hb^S allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa, India, and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.