Question 1

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

Accepted Answer

A)  their willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
B)  their reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals. 
D)  their interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E)  their emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
A)  their willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
B)  their reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C)  their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals. 
D)  their interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E)  their emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. C

Question 2

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among the members of a family?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized reciprocity 
B)  balanced reciprocity 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  redistribution 
E)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  generalized reciprocity 
B)  balanced reciprocity 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  redistribution 
E)  None of the answer choices are correct. A

Question 3

In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is a mode of production?

Accepted Answer

A)  the land, labor, technology, and capital of production 
B)  a postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture or international mercantilism 
C)  the cultural aspect of any given economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry 
D)  the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs 
E)  whether a society is foraging, horticulturalist, or agriculturalist 
A)  the land, labor, technology, and capital of production 
B)  a postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture or international mercantilism 
C)  the cultural aspect of any given economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry 
D)  the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs 
E)  whether a society is foraging, horticulturalist, or agriculturalist

Question 6

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  pastoralists. 
B)  horticulturalists. 
C)  industrial. 
D)  chiefdoms. 
E)  foragers. 
A)  pastoralists. 
B)  horticulturalists. 
C)  industrial. 
D)  chiefdoms. 
E)  foragers.

Question 7

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Generalized reciprocity

Accepted Answer

A)  disappears with the origin of the state. 
B)  usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle. 
C)  is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged. 
D)  is exemplified by silent trade. 
E)  is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies. 
A)  disappears with the origin of the state. 
B)  usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle. 
C)  is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged. 
D)  is exemplified by silent trade. 
E)  is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.

Question 9

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lived in marginal environments that were of little interest to food-producing societies. 
B)  They spoke simplified languages. 
C)  They fished a great deal. 
D)  They relied on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
E)  They devolved to foraging from a more advanced level of subsistence. 
A)  They lived in marginal environments that were of little interest to food-producing societies. 
B)  They spoke simplified languages. 
C)  They fished a great deal. 
D)  They relied on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
E)  They devolved to foraging from a more advanced level of subsistence.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potlatching is well documented among Native American communities of the North Pacific Coast of North America. 
B)  Potlatching was misinterpreted as a classical case of economically wasteful behavior. 
C)  Potlatching is a form of exchange that has long-term adaptive value. 
D)  Potlatching is an example of competitive feasting. 
E)  Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal. 
A)  Potlatching is well documented among Native American communities of the North Pacific Coast of North America. 
B)  Potlatching was misinterpreted as a classical case of economically wasteful behavior. 
C)  Potlatching is a form of exchange that has long-term adaptive value. 
D)  Potlatching is an example of competitive feasting. 
E)  Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal.

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Village size increases. 
B)  Land is used more intensively. 
C)  Population density increases. 
D)  Societies become more egalitarian. 
E)  Villages are located closer together. 
A)  Village size increases. 
B)  Land is used more intensively. 
C)  Population density increases. 
D)  Societies become more egalitarian. 
E)  Villages are located closer together.

Question 12

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Present-day foragers have been in contact with food-producing and industrialized societies for long periods of time and all live within nation-states that inevitably affect their livelihood. 
B)  There are no present-day foragers. 
C)  The types of foraging vary so widely that few generalizations can be drawn. 
D)  Paleolithic foragers were prelinguistic. 
E)  Paleolithic foragers were not Homo sapiens. 
A)  Present-day foragers have been in contact with food-producing and industrialized societies for long periods of time and all live within nation-states that inevitably affect their livelihood. 
B)  There are no present-day foragers. 
C)  The types of foraging vary so widely that few generalizations can be drawn. 
D)  Paleolithic foragers were prelinguistic. 
E)  Paleolithic foragers were not Homo sapiens.

Question 13

Who are peasants?

Accepted Answer

A)  anyone who falls below the poverty line 
B)  people who ignore social norms of behavior 
C)  anyone who lives in the country 
D)  small-scale farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
E)  small-scale farmers with rent fund obligations 
A)  anyone who falls below the poverty line 
B)  people who ignore social norms of behavior 
C)  anyone who lives in the country 
D)  small-scale farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
E)  small-scale farmers with rent fund obligations

Question 14

Economic anthropologists have been concerned with two main questions, one focusing on systems of human behavior and the other on the individuals who participate in those systems. The first question is: How are production, distribution, and consumption organized in different societies? The second question is:

Accepted Answer

A)  What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume? 
B)  What encourages overconsumption in Western economies? 
C)  Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary? 
D)  What has been the impact of globalization at the level of individuals? 
E)  What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics? 
A)  What motivates people in different cultures to produce, distribute or exchange, and consume? 
B)  What encourages overconsumption in Western economies? 
C)  Why has the myth of the profit-maximizing individual been so pervasive, despite evidence to the contrary? 
D)  What has been the impact of globalization at the level of individuals? 
E)  What are the best ways to convince individuals in funding agencies of the value of ethnographic knowledge in the realm of economics?

Question 15

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land has been almost nonexistent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following economic principles is generally dominant in industrial society?

Accepted Answer

A)  the market principle 
B)  redistribution 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  generalized exchange 
E)  balanced reciprocity 
A)  the market principle 
B)  redistribution 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  generalized exchange 
E)  balanced reciprocity

Question 17

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

Accepted Answer

A)  the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
B)  alienation is an ascribed status. 
C)  alienation is pervasive. 
D)  social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
E)  alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
A)  the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
B)  alienation is an ascribed status. 
C)  alienation is pervasive. 
D)  social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
E)  alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes.

Question 19

Although agriculture is much more productive per acre than horticulture, horticulture is more reliable and dependable in the long run.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  developing almost exclusively in arid areas. 
B)  the use of irrigation and terracing. 
C)  intensive use of land and human labor. 
D)  lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication. 
E)  periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing. 
A)  developing almost exclusively in arid areas. 
B)  the use of irrigation and terracing. 
C)  intensive use of land and human labor. 
D)  lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication. 
E)  periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing.

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among the members of a family?

In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

What is a mode of production?

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

Generalized reciprocity

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum?

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

Who are peasants?

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land has been almost nonexistent.

Which of the following economic principles is generally dominant in industrial society?

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

Although agriculture is much more productive per acre than horticulture, horticulture is more reliable and dependable in the long run.

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System, Colonialism, and Inequality

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 11: Making a Living

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among the members of a family?

In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

What is a mode of production?

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

Generalized reciprocity

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Which of the following does NOT occur in moving along the cultivation continuum?

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

Who are peasants?

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land has been almost nonexistent.

Which of the following economic principles is generally dominant in industrial society?

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

Although agriculture is much more productive per acre than horticulture, horticulture is more reliable and dependable in the long run.

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System, Colonialism, and Inequality

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters