Question 1

Darwin and Wallace simultaneously proposed which of the following theoretical models?

Accepted Answer

A)  transformism 
B)  natural selection 
C)  evolution 
D)  creationism 
E)  uniformitarianism 
A)  transformism 
B)  natural selection 
C)  evolution 
D)  creationism 
E)  uniformitarianism

Question 2

The term gene pool refers to all the

Accepted Answer

A)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes within a breeding population. 
B)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes of the animal kingdom. 
C)  mechanisms of competition over strategic resources. 
D)  processes of achieving a perfect fit to the environment. 
E)  mutations in a breeding population. 
A)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes within a breeding population. 
B)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes of the animal kingdom. 
C)  mechanisms of competition over strategic resources. 
D)  processes of achieving a perfect fit to the environment. 
E)  mutations in a breeding population.

Question 3

Mendelian genetics studies

Accepted Answer

A)  how nuclear DNA transmits information to other parts of the cell. 
B)  changes in gene frequencies in breeding populations. 
C)  the ways in which chromosomes transmit genes across generations. 
D)  phenotypic mutations. 
E)  evolution in pea plants. 
A)  how nuclear DNA transmits information to other parts of the cell. 
B)  changes in gene frequencies in breeding populations. 
C)  the ways in which chromosomes transmit genes across generations. 
D)  phenotypic mutations. 
E)  evolution in pea plants.

Question 4

Directional selection has eliminated sickle-cell anemia from all human populations, except those in regions where diabetes is endemic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The role of natural selection in producing variation in human skin color illustrates the explanatory approach to explaining human biological diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Gene flow between populations works to prevent speciation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What does the relationship between genetic traits and the prevalence of diseases such as malaria and smallpox illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ways in which human biological diversity reflects adaptation to such environmental stresses as disease, diet, and climate 
B)  the shortcomings of research that focuses on environmental variability but ignores genetics 
C)  how despite some evidence to the contrary, some human races are better than others 
D)  how with technology, human biology is less important to human survival 
E)  the mechanisms of hominid evolution 
A)  the ways in which human biological diversity reflects adaptation to such environmental stresses as disease, diet, and climate 
B)  the shortcomings of research that focuses on environmental variability but ignores genetics 
C)  how despite some evidence to the contrary, some human races are better than others 
D)  how with technology, human biology is less important to human survival 
E)  the mechanisms of hominid evolution

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the concept of race as applied to humans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been verified by recent fossil finds in the Neander Valley in Germany. 
B)  It is determined by the juxtaposition of alleles. 
C)  It is based on the Western science of genetics. 
D)  It does not include what used to be called subraces, because these are now known as ethnic groups. 
E)  It is a discredited concept in biology. 
A)  It has been verified by recent fossil finds in the Neander Valley in Germany. 
B)  It is determined by the juxtaposition of alleles. 
C)  It is based on the Western science of genetics. 
D)  It does not include what used to be called subraces, because these are now known as ethnic groups. 
E)  It is a discredited concept in biology.

Question 10

Phenotypic similarities and differences always have a genetic basis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to contemporary scientists, racial distinctions are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  shared blood. 
B)  biological classifications. 
C)  genetics. 
D)  culture. 
E)  human breeds. 
A)  shared blood. 
B)  biological classifications. 
C)  genetics. 
D)  culture. 
E)  human breeds.

Question 12

To what does the term gene flow refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic mutations that occur during meiosis 
B)  the movement of alleles from one chromosome to another 
C)  the exchange of genetic material between populations of the same species 
D)  the random loss of genes through sampling error 
E)  a random pattern of chromosome mutations 
A)  the genetic mutations that occur during meiosis 
B)  the movement of alleles from one chromosome to another 
C)  the exchange of genetic material between populations of the same species 
D)  the random loss of genes through sampling error 
E)  a random pattern of chromosome mutations

Question 13

The study of sickle-cell anemia and its relation to malarial environments demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  homozygotes lack the capacity to digest lactose. 
B)  a maladaptive allele may be preserved if it provides an advantage. 
C)  natural selection improves a gene pool by wiping out deleterious alleles. 
D)  selection removes recessive alleles from the gene pool faster than it does dominant alleles. 
E)  heterozygotes are not as selectively fit as are dominant homozygotes. 
A)  homozygotes lack the capacity to digest lactose. 
B)  a maladaptive allele may be preserved if it provides an advantage. 
C)  natural selection improves a gene pool by wiping out deleterious alleles. 
D)  selection removes recessive alleles from the gene pool faster than it does dominant alleles. 
E)  heterozygotes are not as selectively fit as are dominant homozygotes.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best plan of action for a light-skinned woman of childbearing age living in the tropics and concerned about giving birth to a child with neural tube defects (NTDs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  taking folic acid/folate supplements and protecting herself against the sun with sunscreen, clothing, and shelter 
B)  doing nothing, since a woman's chance of giving birth to a child with NTDs is genetically determined 
C)  taking vitamin D supplements 
D)  drinking plenty of fluids to boost her body's ability to regulate its own temperature 
E)  using a tanning booth to give her skin accelerated protection against the sun 
A)  taking folic acid/folate supplements and protecting herself against the sun with sunscreen, clothing, and shelter 
B)  doing nothing, since a woman's chance of giving birth to a child with NTDs is genetically determined 
C)  taking vitamin D supplements 
D)  drinking plenty of fluids to boost her body's ability to regulate its own temperature 
E)  using a tanning booth to give her skin accelerated protection against the sun

Question 15

Any factor that contributes to the change in allele frequency in a breeding population from generation to generation is considered a mechanism of genetic evolution. Those mechanisms are

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection, mutation, random genetic drift, and gene flow. 
B)  random genetic drift and random gene flow. 
C)  independent assortment, recombination, and mutation. 
D)  sexual selection, mutation, and human biological plasticity. 
E)  phenotypic straining through the organism's development and mutations across the generations. 
A)  natural selection, mutation, random genetic drift, and gene flow. 
B)  random genetic drift and random gene flow. 
C)  independent assortment, recombination, and mutation. 
D)  sexual selection, mutation, and human biological plasticity. 
E)  phenotypic straining through the organism's development and mutations across the generations.

Question 16

One of Gregor Mendel's contributions to genetics was his discovery that traits are inherited as discrete units.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The only chance for human racial classification schemes to work is to shift from using phenotypic to genotypic characteristics of human populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

We have learned that reliance on culture has increased in the course of human history. Yet the fact and mechanisms of evolution remain a key part of our human present and future because

Accepted Answer

A)  they provide the clues to building a better human race by promoting directed speciation. 
B)  they determine, at the genetic level, our phenotype. 
C)  the pace of evolution has been continuously increasing, as human cultural solutions have not been able to keep up with environmental changes such as global warming. 
D)  they continue to justify anthropology's biocultural perspective. 
E)  people haven't stopped adapting biologically. 
A)  they provide the clues to building a better human race by promoting directed speciation. 
B)  they determine, at the genetic level, our phenotype. 
C)  the pace of evolution has been continuously increasing, as human cultural solutions have not been able to keep up with environmental changes such as global warming. 
D)  they continue to justify anthropology's biocultural perspective. 
E)  people haven't stopped adapting biologically.

Question 19

Mitosis is the special process by which sex cells are produced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In the early 20th century, anthropologist Franz Boas described changes in skull form among the children of Europeans who had migrated to North America. He found that the reason for these changes could not be explained by genetics. His findings underscore the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  observing changes over one generation is not enough to make conclusions about changes in genotype and phenotype. 
B)  phenotypic similarities and differences don't necessarily have a genetic basis. 
C)  describing changes in skull form is the most accurate way to study the impact of migration on traveling populations. 
D)  though the environment influences phenotype, genetics is a more powerful determinant of racial differences. 
E)  diet affects which genes get turned off and which on, resulting in a particular phenotypic characteristic. 
A)  observing changes over one generation is not enough to make conclusions about changes in genotype and phenotype. 
B)  phenotypic similarities and differences don't necessarily have a genetic basis. 
C)  describing changes in skull form is the most accurate way to study the impact of migration on traveling populations. 
D)  though the environment influences phenotype, genetics is a more powerful determinant of racial differences. 
E)  diet affects which genes get turned off and which on, resulting in a particular phenotypic characteristic.

Darwin and Wallace simultaneously proposed which of the following theoretical models?

The term gene pool refers to all the

Mendelian genetics studies

Directional selection has eliminated sickle-cell anemia from all human populations, except those in regions where diabetes is endemic.

Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.

The role of natural selection in producing variation in human skin color illustrates the explanatory approach to explaining human biological diversity.

Gene flow between populations works to prevent speciation.

What does the relationship between genetic traits and the prevalence of diseases such as malaria and smallpox illustrate?

Which of the following statements about the concept of race as applied to humans is true?

Phenotypic similarities and differences always have a genetic basis.

According to contemporary scientists, racial distinctions are based on

To what does the term gene flow refer?

The study of sickle-cell anemia and its relation to malarial environments demonstrates that

Which of the following is the best plan of action for a light-skinned woman of childbearing age living in the tropics and concerned about giving birth to a child with neural tube defects (NTDs)?

Any factor that contributes to the change in allele frequency in a breeding population from generation to generation is considered a mechanism of genetic evolution. Those mechanisms are

One of Gregor Mendel's contributions to genetics was his discovery that traits are inherited as discrete units.

The only chance for human racial classification schemes to work is to shift from using phenotypic to genotypic characteristics of human populations.

We have learned that reliance on culture has increased in the course of human history. Yet the fact and mechanisms of evolution remain a key part of our human present and future because

Mitosis is the special process by which sex cells are produced.

In the early 20th century, anthropologist Franz Boas described changes in skull form among the children of Europeans who had migrated to North America. He found that the reason for these changes could not be explained by genetics. His findings underscore the fact that

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System, Colonialism, and Inequality

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 4: Evolution, Genetics, and Human Variation

Darwin and Wallace simultaneously proposed which of the following theoretical models?

The term gene pool refers to all the

Mendelian genetics studies

Directional selection has eliminated sickle-cell anemia from all human populations, except those in regions where diabetes is endemic.

Recessive traits are expressed only in homozygous individuals.

The role of natural selection in producing variation in human skin color illustrates the explanatory approach to explaining human biological diversity.

Gene flow between populations works to prevent speciation.

What does the relationship between genetic traits and the prevalence of diseases such as malaria and smallpox illustrate?

Which of the following statements about the concept of race as applied to humans is true?

Phenotypic similarities and differences always have a genetic basis.

According to contemporary scientists, racial distinctions are based on

To what does the term gene flow refer?

The study of sickle-cell anemia and its relation to malarial environments demonstrates that

Which of the following is the best plan of action for a light-skinned woman of childbearing age living in the tropics and concerned about giving birth to a child with neural tube defects (NTDs)?

Any factor that contributes to the change in allele frequency in a breeding population from generation to generation is considered a mechanism of genetic evolution. Those mechanisms are

One of Gregor Mendel's contributions to genetics was his discovery that traits are inherited as discrete units.

The only chance for human racial classification schemes to work is to shift from using phenotypic to genotypic characteristics of human populations.

We have learned that reliance on culture has increased in the course of human history. Yet the fact and mechanisms of evolution remain a key part of our human present and future because

Mitosis is the special process by which sex cells are produced.

In the early 20th century, anthropologist Franz Boas described changes in skull form among the children of Europeans who had migrated to North America. He found that the reason for these changes could not be explained by genetics. His findings underscore the fact that

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Doing Anthropology

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Genus Homo

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Language and Communication

Making a Living

Political Systems

Families, Kinship, and Marriage

Gender

Religion

Ethnicity and Race

Applying Anthropology

The World System, Colonialism, and Inequality

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters