Exam 54: Community Ecology

Use the figures to answer the following question. In the hypothesis that Chthamalus stellatus (a species of barnacle)is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by Balanus balanoides (another species of barnacle), what could be concluded about the two species?

According to bottom-up and top-down control models of community organization, which of the following expressions would imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C)population would negatively impact its prey (P)population, but not vice versa? The arrows between species indicate a negative impact toward the population at the arrowhead.

The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. What interactions exist between cellulose-digesting organisms in the gut of a termite and the termite?

Predators that are keystone species can maintain species diversity in a community if they

Which of the following studies would a community ecologist undertake to learn about competitive interactions? I.selectivity of nest sites among cavity-nesting songbirds II.the grass species preferred by grazing pronghorn antelope and bison III.stomach analysis of brown trout and brook trout in streams where they coexist

Use the following diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model principles to answer the question. Imagine these are tropical islands. Which island would likely encounter the highest rate of species extinction if these islands were subject to unregulated, commercial logging in the rainforest?

Why do moderate levels of disturbance result in an increase in community diversity?

Use the figures to answer the following question. In this experiment, Balanus was removed from the habitat shown on the left. Which of the following statements is a valid conclusion of this experiment?

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics. As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates, birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants. This situation is an example of what kind of species interaction between the birds and the ants?

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, a community's species diversity is increased by

Use the figures to answer the following question. Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about ________.

Which of the following studies would shed light on the mechanism of spread of H5N1 virus from Asia to North America?

Zoonotic disease ________.

The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. What interactions exist between mycorrhizae and evergreen tree roots?

Use the figure to answer the following question. In the figure, species A through F are found among four communities, with the number of circles representing their abundance. Which community has the highest species richness but does not have the highest diversity overall because of the relative abundance of the different species?

Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion?

According to the island equilibrium model, species richness would be lowest on an island that is ________.

Use the figure to answer the following question. Treehoppers (a type of insect)produce honeydew, which ants use for food. Treehoppers have a major predator, the jumping spider. Researchers hypothesized that the ants would protect the treehoppers from the spiders. In an experiment, researchers followed study plots with ants removed from the system and compared them to a control plot. From the figure, what can you conclude?

In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass all invaded a field. By the second season, a single species dominated the field and the other two species had a lower relative abundance. A possible factor contributing to the abundances of these species in this example of secondary succession is ________.

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?