Question 1

Wernicke's and Broca's regions of the brain affect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  olfaction 
B)  vision 
C)  speech 
D)  hearing 
A)  olfaction 
B)  vision 
C)  speech 
D)  hearing C

Question 2

The human knee-jerk reflex requires an intact ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  medulla 
A)  spinal cord 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  medulla A

Question 3

Wakefulness is regulated by the reticular formation, which is present in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal nuclei 
B)  cerebral cortex 
C)  brainstem 
D)  limbic system 
A)  basal nuclei 
B)  cerebral cortex 
C)  brainstem 
D)  limbic system C

Question 4

One of the fundamental processes by which memories are stored and learning takes place ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is related to changes in the degree of myelination of axons 
B)  results in an increase in the diameter of axons 
C)  results in a shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in neurons 
D)  involves changing the responsiveness of postsynaptic neurons to neurotransmitter 
A)  is related to changes in the degree of myelination of axons 
B)  results in an increase in the diameter of axons 
C)  results in a shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in neurons 
D)  involves changing the responsiveness of postsynaptic neurons to neurotransmitter

Question 5

In a cephalized invertebrate, the system that transmits "efferent" impulses from the anterior ganglion to distal segments is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system 
B)  peripheral nervous system 
C)  autonomic nervous system 
D)  parasympathetic nervous system 
A)  central nervous system 
B)  peripheral nervous system 
C)  autonomic nervous system 
D)  parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  schizophrenia typically involves hallucinations 
B)  schizophrenia typically involves manic and depressive states 
C)  bipolar disorder involves both genes and environment 
D)  bipolar disorder increases biogenic amines 
A)  schizophrenia typically involves hallucinations 
B)  schizophrenia typically involves manic and depressive states 
C)  bipolar disorder involves both genes and environment 
D)  bipolar disorder increases biogenic amines

Question 7

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems 
A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems

Question 8

After eating a large meal, which branch of your nervous system is activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  somatic (motor) 
C)  sympathetic 
D)  enteric 
A)  sensory 
B)  somatic (motor) 
C)  sympathetic 
D)  enteric

Question 9

Patients with damage to Wernicke's area have difficulty

Accepted Answer

A)  coordinating limb movement. 
B)  generating speech. 
C)  recognizing faces. 
D)  understanding language. 
A)  coordinating limb movement. 
B)  generating speech. 
C)  recognizing faces. 
D)  understanding language.

Question 10

One of the complications of Alzheimer's disease is an interference with learning and memory. This disease would most likely involve ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in the concentration of ions in the extracellular fluid surrounding neurons 
B)  changes in myelination of axons 
C)  molecular and structural changes at synapses 
D)  structural changes to ion channels in axons 
A)  changes in the concentration of ions in the extracellular fluid surrounding neurons 
B)  changes in myelination of axons 
C)  molecular and structural changes at synapses 
D)  structural changes to ion channels in axons

Question 11

The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  axon hillock 
B)  dendrite 
C)  synapse 
D)  glia 
A)  axon hillock 
B)  dendrite 
C)  synapse 
D)  glia

Question 12

Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the ________ nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic 
B)  somatic 
C)  central 
D)  parasympathetic 
A)  sympathetic 
B)  somatic 
C)  central 
D)  parasympathetic

Question 13

The telencephalon region of the developing brain of a mammal ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  divides further into the metencephalon and myelencephalon 
B)  develops from the midbrain 
C)  is the brain region most like that of ancestral vertebrates 
D)  gives rise to the cerebrum 
A)  divides further into the metencephalon and myelencephalon 
B)  develops from the midbrain 
C)  is the brain region most like that of ancestral vertebrates 
D)  gives rise to the cerebrum

Question 14

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing 
B)  they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep 
C)  they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water 
D)  they alternate which half of their brain is asleep and which half is awake 
A)  they sleep for only 30 minutes at a time, which is the maximum interval they can cease breathing 
B)  they fill their swim bladder with air to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water while they sleep 
C)  they move to shallow water to sleep, so they do not need to swim to keep their blowholes above the surface of the water 
D)  they alternate which half of their brain is asleep and which half is awake

Question 15

The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  circadian rhythm. 
D)  breath holding. 
A)  short-term memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  circadian rhythm. 
D)  breath holding.

Question 16

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  the left frontal lobe 
B)  the right frontal lobe 
C)  the right parietal lobe 
D)  the corpus callosum 
A)  the left frontal lobe 
B)  the right frontal lobe 
C)  the right parietal lobe 
D)  the corpus callosum

Question 17

Axons are especially abundant in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gray matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord 
B)  white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord 
C)  gray matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord 
D)  white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord 
A)  gray matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord 
B)  white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord 
C)  gray matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord 
D)  white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord

Question 18

In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are released by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the dendritic membrane 
B)  the presynaptic membrane 
C)  axon hillocks 
D)  cell bodies 
A)  the dendritic membrane 
B)  the presynaptic membrane 
C)  axon hillocks 
D)  cell bodies

Question 19

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him, but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  the left frontal lobe 
B)  the right frontal lobe 
C)  the left parietal lobe 
D)  the right parietal lobe 
A)  the left frontal lobe 
B)  the right frontal lobe 
C)  the left parietal lobe 
D)  the right parietal lobe

Question 20

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as which of the following?
I.functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain
II.a product of the filtration of blood in the brain
III.functioning to cushion the brain
IV.filling spaces between glial cells and neurons in the gray matter

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV

Exam 49: Nervous Systems

Wernicke's and Broca's regions of the brain affect ________.

The human knee-jerk reflex requires an intact ________.

Wakefulness is regulated by the reticular formation, which is present in the ________.

One of the fundamental processes by which memories are stored and learning takes place ________.

In a cephalized invertebrate, the system that transmits "efferent" impulses from the anterior ganglion to distal segments is the ________.

Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that ________.

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with ________.

After eating a large meal, which branch of your nervous system is activated?

Patients with damage to Wernicke's area have difficulty

One of the complications of Alzheimer's disease is an interference with learning and memory. This disease would most likely involve ________.

The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the ________.

Preparation for the fight-or-flight response includes activation of the ________ nervous system

The telencephalon region of the developing brain of a mammal ________.

Bottlenose dolphins breathe air but can sleep in the ocean because ________.

The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Axons are especially abundant in the ________.

In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are released by ________.

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him, but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as which of the following? I.functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain II.a product of the filtration of blood in the brain III.functioning to cushion the brain IV.filling spaces between glial cells and neurons in the gray matter

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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