Question 1

Which electron carrier(s)function in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD⁺ only 
B)  NADH and FADH₂ 
C)  the electron transport chain 
D)  ADP and ATP 
A)  NAD⁺ only 
B)  NADH and FADH₂ 
C)  the electron transport chain 
D)  ADP and ATP

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the question below.
 
The citric acid cycle.
For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  32 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  32

Question 3

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

Accepted Answer

A)  are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis. 
B)  provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient. 
C)  reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. 
D)  are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to endergonic processes. 
A)  are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis. 
B)  provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient. 
C)  reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. 
D)  are coupled via phosphorylated intermediates to endergonic processes.

Question 4

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Accepted Answer

A)  He or she has to sit down and rest. 
B)  Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP. 
C)  ATP is transported into the cell from the circulatory system. 
D)  Other cells take over, and the muscle cells that have used up their ATP cease to function. 
A)  He or she has to sit down and rest. 
B)  Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP. 
C)  ATP is transported into the cell from the circulatory system. 
D)  Other cells take over, and the muscle cells that have used up their ATP cease to function.

Question 5

The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK)catalyzes a key step in glycolysis. PFK is inhibited by high levels of which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose and NAD⁺ 
B)  AMP and ATP 
C)  ATP and citrate 
D)  citrate and CO₂ 
A)  glucose and NAD⁺ 
B)  AMP and ATP 
C)  ATP and citrate 
D)  citrate and CO₂

Question 6

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
B)  glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen 
C)  glucose → pyruvate → electron transport chain → NADH → ATP 
D)  food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP 
A)  glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
B)  glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen 
C)  glucose → pyruvate → electron transport chain → NADH → ATP 
D)  food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP

Question 7

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  water. 
C)  NAD⁺. 
D)  pyruvate. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  water. 
C)  NAD⁺. 
D)  pyruvate.

Question 8

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
C)  the citric acid cycle 
D)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain 
C)  the citric acid cycle 
D)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Question 9

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H⁺ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D)  mitochondrial matrix 
A)  cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D)  mitochondrial matrix

Question 10

What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released. 
B)  The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is consumed. 
C)  The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is consumed. 
D)  The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released. 
A)  The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released. 
B)  The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is consumed. 
C)  The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is consumed. 
D)  The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released.

Question 11

Even though plants cells carry out photosynthesis, they still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. Under what conditions will plant cell mitochondria be active in this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in photosynthetic cells in the light, while photosynthesis occurs concurrently 
B)  only in cells that store glucose in the form of starch and only in the dark 
C)  in all cells, with or without light 
D)  in photosynthesizing cells in the light, and in other cells in the dark 
A)  only in photosynthetic cells in the light, while photosynthesis occurs concurrently 
B)  only in cells that store glucose in the form of starch and only in the dark 
C)  in all cells, with or without light 
D)  in photosynthesizing cells in the light, and in other cells in the dark

Question 12

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in glycolysis 
B)  only in the citric acid cycle 
C)  only in the electron transport chain 
D)  in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 
A)  only in glycolysis 
B)  only in the citric acid cycle 
C)  only in the electron transport chain 
D)  in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the question below.
 
The citric acid cycle.
Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ATP, 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH₂ 
B)  3 ATP, 3 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
C)  3 ATP, 6 CO₂, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
D)  6 ATP, 6 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH₂ 
A)  1 ATP, 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH₂ 
B)  3 ATP, 3 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
C)  3 ATP, 6 CO₂, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
D)  6 ATP, 6 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH₂

Question 14

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  lactate fermentation. 
D)  electron transport. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  lactate fermentation. 
D)  electron transport.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about NAD⁺ is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. 
B)  NAD⁺ has more chemical energy than NADH. 
C)  NAD⁺ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  In the absence of NAD⁺, glycolysis can still function. 
A)  NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. 
B)  NAD⁺ has more chemical energy than NADH. 
C)  NAD⁺ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  In the absence of NAD⁺, glycolysis can still function.

Question 16

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. 
B)  flow of electrons down the electron transport chain. 
C)  H⁺ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase. 
D)  transfer of phosphate to ADP. 
A)  oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds. 
B)  flow of electrons down the electron transport chain. 
C)  H⁺ concentration gradient across the membrane holding ATP synthase. 
D)  transfer of phosphate to ADP.

Question 17

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrial outer membrane 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D)  mitochondrial matrix 
A)  mitochondrial outer membrane 
B)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
C)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D)  mitochondrial matrix

Question 18

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  2% 
C)  38% 
D)  100% 
A)  0% 
B)  2% 
C)  38% 
D)  100%

Question 19

Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy

Accepted Answer

A)  C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced. 
B)  O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced. 
C)  CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized. 
D)  O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized. 
A)  C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced. 
B)  O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced. 
C)  CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized. 
D)  O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized.

Question 20

An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Interestingly, as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, the rate of sugar consumption increases while the growth rate decreases. What do these observations suggest about the likely identity of this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an unremarkable eukaryotic organism. 
B)  It is a photosynthetic organism. 
C)  It is an obligate anaerobic organism. 
D)  It is a facultative anaerobic organism. 
A)  It is an unremarkable eukaryotic organism. 
B)  It is a photosynthetic organism. 
C)  It is an obligate anaerobic organism. 
D)  It is a facultative anaerobic organism.

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Which electron carrier(s)function in the citric acid cycle?

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

The enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK)catalyzes a key step in glycolysis. PFK is inhibited by high levels of which of the following molecules?

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration?

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events?

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H⁺ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom?

Even though plants cells carry out photosynthesis, they still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. Under what conditions will plant cell mitochondria be active in this process?

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

Use the following information to answer the question below. The citric acid cycle. Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle?

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Which of the following statements about NAD⁺ is true?

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction? C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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