Exam 34: The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.2. Figure 34.2 -Whose DNA would have had the most sequence homologies with amphibian DNA?

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

Which of the following is characteristic of most extant reptiles and most extant mammals?

There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

Why is the discovery of the fossil Archaeopteryx significant? It supports the

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

The organisms represented by number 8 are

Which clade does not include humans?

The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function?

If a ray-finned fish is to both hover (remain stationary)in the water column and ventilate its gills effectively, then what other structure besides its swim bladder will it use?

The following questions refer to the description below. While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow). -The adaptation of the body shape of snakes has resulted in one of their lungs becoming vestigial. Another adaptation (to a fossorial lifestyle)is snakes' absence of limbs. If the "mystery organism" has also become adapted to a fossorial lifestyle, though its ancestors moved about on the surface, then which structures should one expect to find upon dissecting the organism? 1)reduced or absent pelvic and/or pectoral girdles 2)metanephridia 3)hydrostatic skeleton

Lampreys differ from hagfishes in

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was

Which of the following statements is correct in regard to Homo erectus?

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Which feature of some carinates has the same effect on weight as the presence of air sacs?

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent)in which the following structures arose? 1)amniotic egg 2)paired fins 3)jaws 4)swim bladder 5)four-chambered heart