Question 1

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus.
1)transmission
2)transduction
3)integration
4)amplification

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  2 → 4 → 1 → 3 
D)  3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  3 → 1 → 4 → 2 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  2 → 4 → 1 → 3 
D)  3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  3 → 1 → 4 → 2 C

Question 2

Receptor proteins for the neurotransmitter molecules released by rods and cones are found on

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglion cells. 
B)  horizontal cells. 
C)  amacrine cells. 
D)  bipolar cells. 
E)  lateral cells. 
A)  ganglion cells. 
B)  horizontal cells. 
C)  amacrine cells. 
D)  bipolar cells. 
E)  lateral cells. D

Question 3

Umami perception follows the oral presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar water. 
B)  a rich chocolate flavor. 
C)  a savory and complex cheese. 
D)  acidic orange juice. 
E)  salt water. 
A)  sugar water. 
B)  a rich chocolate flavor. 
C)  a savory and complex cheese. 
D)  acidic orange juice. 
E)  salt water. C

Question 4

The transduction of sound waves into action potentials takes place

Accepted Answer

A)  within the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by the hair cells. 
B)  when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons. 
C)  as the basilar membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions and depolarizes, initiating an action potential in a sensory neuron. 
D)  as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds. 
E)  within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes. 
A)  within the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by the hair cells. 
B)  when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons. 
C)  as the basilar membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions and depolarizes, initiating an action potential in a sensory neuron. 
D)  as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds. 
E)  within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Question 5

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy because the signal strength is magnified by

Accepted Answer

A)  the receptor. 
B)  a G protein. 
C)  an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 
D)  sensory adaptation. 
E)  triggering several receptors at once. 
A)  the receptor. 
B)  a G protein. 
C)  an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 
D)  sensory adaptation. 
E)  triggering several receptors at once.

Question 6

A rod exposed to light will

Accepted Answer

A)  fire action potentials that will increase its release of glutamate. 
B)  undergo a graded depolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
C)  undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
D)  undergo a graded depolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate. 
E)  undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate. 
A)  fire action potentials that will increase its release of glutamate. 
B)  undergo a graded depolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
C)  undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
D)  undergo a graded depolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate. 
E)  undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate.

Question 7

Rods exposed to light will

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C)  depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
E)  fire one action potential for each photon received. 
A)  depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C)  depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
E)  fire one action potential for each photon received.

Question 8

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

Accepted Answer

A)  integration. 
B)  transmission. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  transcription. 
E)  amplification. 
A)  integration. 
B)  transmission. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  transcription. 
E)  amplification.

Question 9

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear.
  
-The organ of Corti is represented by which number?

Accepted Answer

A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  7. 
A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  7.

Question 10

A ligand for the umami receptor in the sense of taste is

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  sodium ions. 
C)  potassium ions. 
D)  hydrogen ions. 
E)  monosodium glutamate. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  sodium ions. 
C)  potassium ions. 
D)  hydrogen ions. 
E)  monosodium glutamate.

Question 11

An earthworm without a statocyst would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  move. 
B)  sense light. 
C)  hear. 
D)  orient with respect to gravity. 
E)  respond to touch. 
A)  move. 
B)  sense light. 
C)  hear. 
D)  orient with respect to gravity. 
E)  respond to touch.

Question 12

Calcium ions initiate sliding of filaments in skeletal muscles by

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking the actin-myosin cross-bridges. 
B)  binding to the troponin complex, which then relocates tropomyosin. 
C)  transmitting action potentials across the neuromuscular junction. 
D)  spreading action potentials through the T tubules. 
E)  reestablishing the resting membrane potential following an action potential. 
A)  breaking the actin-myosin cross-bridges. 
B)  binding to the troponin complex, which then relocates tropomyosin. 
C)  transmitting action potentials across the neuromuscular junction. 
D)  spreading action potentials through the T tubules. 
E)  reestablishing the resting membrane potential following an action potential.

Question 13

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions

Accepted Answer

A)  break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B)  bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. 
C)  transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. 
D)  spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E)  re-establish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential. 
A)  break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B)  bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. 
C)  transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. 
D)  spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E)  re-establish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential.

Question 14

The olfactory bulbs are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the nasal cavity. 
B)  in the anterior pituitary gland. 
C)  in the posterior pituitary gland. 
D)  in the brain. 
E)  in the brainstem. 
A)  in the nasal cavity. 
B)  in the anterior pituitary gland. 
C)  in the posterior pituitary gland. 
D)  in the brain. 
E)  in the brainstem.

Question 15

The ratio of expressed receptor types to taste cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  ~10:1 
B)  ~100:1 
C)  ~1,000:1 
D)  1:1 
E)  1:~100 
A)  ~10:1 
B)  ~100:1 
C)  ~1,000:1 
D)  1:1 
E)  1:~100

Question 16

Most of the ATP supplies for a skeletal muscle undergoing 1 hour of sustained exercise come from

Accepted Answer

A)  creatine phosphate. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  substrate phosphorylation. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  de novo synthesis. 
A)  creatine phosphate. 
B)  glycolysis. 
C)  substrate phosphorylation. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  de novo synthesis.

Question 17

Chitin is a major component of

Accepted Answer

A)  the skeleton of mammals. 
B)  the hydrostatic skeletons of earthworms. 
C)  the exoskeleton of insects. 
D)  the body hairs of mammals. 
E)  the skeleton in birds. 
A)  the skeleton of mammals. 
B)  the hydrostatic skeletons of earthworms. 
C)  the exoskeleton of insects. 
D)  the body hairs of mammals. 
E)  the skeleton in birds.

Question 18

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Accepted Answer

A)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D)  hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E)  hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain. 
A)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D)  hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E)  hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain.

Question 19

The calcium ions released into the cytosol during excitation of skeletal muscle bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  troponin. 
B)  tropomyosin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  myosin. 
E)  transverse tubules. 
A)  troponin. 
B)  tropomyosin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  myosin. 
E)  transverse tubules.

Question 20

-The structure diagrammed in the figure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromast. 
B)  statocyst. 
C)  taste bud. 
D)  ommatidium. 
E)  olfactory bulb. 
A)  neuromast. 
B)  statocyst. 
C)  taste bud. 
D)  ommatidium. 
E)  olfactory bulb.

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus. 1)transmission 2)transduction 3)integration 4)amplification

Receptor proteins for the neurotransmitter molecules released by rods and cones are found on

Umami perception follows the oral presence of

The transduction of sound waves into action potentials takes place

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy because the signal strength is magnified by

A rod exposed to light will

Rods exposed to light will

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear. -The organ of Corti is represented by which number?

A ligand for the umami receptor in the sense of taste is

An earthworm without a statocyst would not be able to

Calcium ions initiate sliding of filaments in skeletal muscles by

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions

The olfactory bulbs are located

The ratio of expressed receptor types to taste cells is

Most of the ATP supplies for a skeletal muscle undergoing 1 hour of sustained exercise come from

Chitin is a major component of

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

The calcium ions released into the cytosol during excitation of skeletal muscle bind to

-The structure diagrammed in the figure is the

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