Question 1

In the human retina

Accepted Answer

A)  cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. 
B)  cone cells are more sensitive than rod cells to light. 
C)  cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment. 
D)  rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. 
E)  rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells. 
A)  cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. 
B)  cone cells are more sensitive than rod cells to light. 
C)  cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment. 
D)  rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. 
E)  rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells.

Question 2

Sensillae are

Accepted Answer

A)  smell receptors in animals with hydrostatic skeletons. 
B)  mechanoreceptors that help birds remain oriented during flight. 
C)  a specific type of hair cell in the human ear. 
D)  insect taste receptors found on feet and mouthparts. 
E)  olfactory hairs located on insect antennae. 
A)  smell receptors in animals with hydrostatic skeletons. 
B)  mechanoreceptors that help birds remain oriented during flight. 
C)  a specific type of hair cell in the human ear. 
D)  insect taste receptors found on feet and mouthparts. 
E)  olfactory hairs located on insect antennae.

Question 3

Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

Accepted Answer

A)  hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B)  muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor 
C)  taste receptor-chemoreceptor 
D)  rod-electromagnetic receptor 
E)  olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor 
A)  hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B)  muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor 
C)  taste receptor-chemoreceptor 
D)  rod-electromagnetic receptor 
E)  olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor

Question 4

-The structure pictured in the figure is found in

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. 
B)  cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles. 
C)  smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 
D)  smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles. 
E)  smooth muscles. 
A)  skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. 
B)  cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles. 
C)  smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 
D)  smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles. 
E)  smooth muscles.

Question 5

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear.
  
-Vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window are transmitted by the structures at which numbers?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, and 4. 
B)  2, 3, and 4. 
C)  3 and 4. 
D)  4. 
E)  5. 
A)  1, 2, 3, and 4. 
B)  2, 3, and 4. 
C)  3 and 4. 
D)  4. 
E)  5.

Question 6

The lumen of the transverse tubules of skeletal muscles contains

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular fluid. 
B)  cytosol. 
C)  actin. 
D)  myosin. 
E)  sarcomeres. 
A)  extracellular fluid. 
B)  cytosol. 
C)  actin. 
D)  myosin. 
E)  sarcomeres.

Question 7

The contraction of skeletal muscles is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  actin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
B)  myosin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
C)  actin and myosin filaments both coiling up to become shorter. 
D)  actin cross-bridges binding to myosin and then flexing. 
E)  myosin cross-bridges binding to actin and then flexing. 
A)  actin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
B)  myosin filaments coiling up to become shorter. 
C)  actin and myosin filaments both coiling up to become shorter. 
D)  actin cross-bridges binding to myosin and then flexing. 
E)  myosin cross-bridges binding to actin and then flexing.

Question 8

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's capsaicin-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of

Accepted Answer

A)  cold temperature. 
B)  hot temperature. 
C)  tactile stimulus. 
D)  odor of pepper. 
E)  deep pressure. 
A)  cold temperature. 
B)  hot temperature. 
C)  tactile stimulus. 
D)  odor of pepper. 
E)  deep pressure.

Question 9

The cellular membrane across which ion flow varies during auditory transduction is the

Accepted Answer

A)  tectorial membrane. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  round-window membrane. 
D)  hair cell membrane. 
E)  basilar membrane. 
A)  tectorial membrane. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  round-window membrane. 
D)  hair cell membrane. 
E)  basilar membrane.

Question 10

-Overlapping actin and myosin filaments are found in which section of the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

Tastes and smells are distinct kinds of environmental information in that

Accepted Answer

A)  neural projections from taste receptors reach different parts of the brain than the neural projections from olfactory receptors. 
B)  the single area of the cerebral cortex that receives smell and taste signals can distinguish tastes and smells by the pattern of action potentials received. 
C)  tastant molecules are airborne, whereas odorant molecules are dissolved in fluids. 
D)  distinguishing tastant molecules requires learning, whereas smell discrimination is an innate process. 
E)  odorants bind to receptor proteins, but none of the tastant stimuli bind to receptors. 
A)  neural projections from taste receptors reach different parts of the brain than the neural projections from olfactory receptors. 
B)  the single area of the cerebral cortex that receives smell and taste signals can distinguish tastes and smells by the pattern of action potentials received. 
C)  tastant molecules are airborne, whereas odorant molecules are dissolved in fluids. 
D)  distinguishing tastant molecules requires learning, whereas smell discrimination is an innate process. 
E)  odorants bind to receptor proteins, but none of the tastant stimuli bind to receptors.

Question 12

Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, those classified as glycolytic typically have

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher concentration of myoglobin. 
B)  a higher density of mitochondria. 
C)  a darker visual appearance. 
D)  a smaller diameter. 
E)  less resistance to fatigue. 
A)  a higher concentration of myoglobin. 
B)  a higher density of mitochondria. 
C)  a darker visual appearance. 
D)  a smaller diameter. 
E)  less resistance to fatigue.

Question 13

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves. 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid. 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion. 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes. 
E)  the listener having had training in music. 
A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves. 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid. 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion. 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes. 
E)  the listener having had training in music.

Question 14

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

Accepted Answer

A)  tectorial membrane. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  round-window membrane. 
D)  hair cell membrane. 
E)  basilar membrane. 
A)  tectorial membrane. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  round-window membrane. 
D)  hair cell membrane. 
E)  basilar membrane.

Question 15

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear.
  
-Hair cells are found in structures represented by numbers

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2. 
B)  3 and 4. 
C)  5 and 7. 
D)  6 and 8. 
E)  9 and 10. 
A)  1 and 2. 
B)  3 and 4. 
C)  5 and 7. 
D)  6 and 8. 
E)  9 and 10.

Question 16

Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to

Accepted Answer

A)  energized cross-bridges. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  tropomyosin. 
E)  troponin. 
A)  energized cross-bridges. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  actin. 
D)  tropomyosin. 
E)  troponin.

Question 17

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP hydrolysis. 
B)  the initiation of an action potential. 
C)  maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D)  initiating contraction. 
E)  its ability to sustain glycolysis. 
A)  ATP hydrolysis. 
B)  the initiation of an action potential. 
C)  maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D)  initiating contraction. 
E)  its ability to sustain glycolysis.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber?
1)Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites.
2)Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex.
3)Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4)The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
5)An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B)  2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D)  5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B)  2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C)  2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D)  5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4

Question 19

Most of the chemosensory neurons arising in the nasal cavity have axonal projections that terminate in the

Accepted Answer

A)  gustatory complex. 
B)  anterior hypothalamus. 
C)  olfactory bulb. 
D)  occipital lobe. 
E)  posterior pituitary gland. 
A)  gustatory complex. 
B)  anterior hypothalamus. 
C)  olfactory bulb. 
D)  occipital lobe. 
E)  posterior pituitary gland.

Question 20

In a relaxed skeletal muscle, actin is not chemically bound to

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin. 
B)  troponin. 
C)  tropomyosin. 
D)  Z lines 
A)  myosin. 
B)  troponin. 
C)  tropomyosin. 
D)  Z lines

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

In the human retina

Sensillae are

Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

-The structure pictured in the figure is found in

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear. -Vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window are transmitted by the structures at which numbers?

The lumen of the transverse tubules of skeletal muscles contains

The contraction of skeletal muscles is based on

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's capsaicin-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of

The cellular membrane across which ion flow varies during auditory transduction is the

-Overlapping actin and myosin filaments are found in which section of the figure?

Tastes and smells are distinct kinds of environmental information in that

Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, those classified as glycolytic typically have

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear. -Hair cells are found in structures represented by numbers

Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Most of the chemosensory neurons arising in the nasal cavity have axonal projections that terminate in the

In a relaxed skeletal muscle, actin is not chemically bound to

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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