Question 1

Retinoblastoma is inherited as a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) dominant trait 
B) recessive trait 
C) sex-linked recessive trait 
D) sex-linked dominant trait 
E) codominant trait 
A) dominant trait 
B) recessive trait 
C) sex-linked recessive trait 
D) sex-linked dominant trait 
E) codominant trait

Question 2

The fact that tumor cells depend, in many cases, on glycolysis may reflect ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the low metabolic requirements of cancer cells 
B) the high oxygen levels the cancer cells usually encounter 
C) an inadequate blood supply within the tumor 
D) muations in glycolytic enzyme-encoding genes 
A) the low metabolic requirements of cancer cells 
B) the high oxygen levels the cancer cells usually encounter 
C) an inadequate blood supply within the tumor 
D) muations in glycolytic enzyme-encoding genes

Question 3

The first oncogene discovered was _____, which codes for a _______.

Accepted Answer

A) MYC, tyrosine protein kinase 
B) SRC, tyrosine protein kinase 
C) SRC, serine/threonine protein kinase 
D) MYC, serine/threonine protein kinase 
E) SRC, intermediary metabolism regulatory protein 
A) MYC, tyrosine protein kinase 
B) SRC, tyrosine protein kinase 
C) SRC, serine/threonine protein kinase 
D) MYC, serine/threonine protein kinase 
E) SRC, intermediary metabolism regulatory protein

Question 4

What commonly happens to the number of EGF receptors in the plasma membranes of malignant cells as compared to normal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Malignant cells usually have the same number of receptors in their plasma membranes as normal cells. 
B) Malignant cells usually have a much larger number of plasma membrane receptors than normal cells. 
C) Malignant cells usually have a much smaller number of plasma membrane receptors than normal cells. 
D) Malignant cells usually have no plasma membrane receptors, while normal cells have them. 
A) Malignant cells usually have the same number of receptors in their plasma membranes as normal cells. 
B) Malignant cells usually have a much larger number of plasma membrane receptors than normal cells. 
C) Malignant cells usually have a much smaller number of plasma membrane receptors than normal cells. 
D) Malignant cells usually have no plasma membrane receptors, while normal cells have them.

Question 5

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular genetic or epigenetic event depends to a large degree on ________ between ________ and _________ signals.

Accepted Answer

A) the differences, mitotic, cytokinetic 
B) the balance, mitotic, apoptotic 
C) the balance, proapoptotic, antiapoptotic 
D) the differences, apoptotic, cytokinetic 
E) the differences, mitotic, apoptotic 
A) the differences, mitotic, cytokinetic 
B) the balance, mitotic, apoptotic 
C) the balance, proapoptotic, antiapoptotic 
D) the differences, apoptotic, cytokinetic 
E) the differences, mitotic, apoptotic

Question 6

Cancer results from the uncontrolled proliferation of a single wayward cell and is therefore considered to be _________.

Accepted Answer

A) polyclonal 
B) biclonal 
C) monoclonal 
D) variant 
E) obstreperous 
A) polyclonal 
B) biclonal 
C) monoclonal 
D) variant 
E) obstreperous

Question 7

What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They can all alter the genome. 
B) They are all soluble in water. 
C) They are all made of nucleic acids. 
D) They are all made of amino acids. 
E) They all can alter proteins present in the cell cytoplasm that are responsible for the onset of cancer. 
A) They can all alter the genome. 
B) They are all soluble in water. 
C) They are all made of nucleic acids. 
D) They are all made of amino acids. 
E) They all can alter proteins present in the cell cytoplasm that are responsible for the onset of cancer.

Question 8

Why is the use of angiogenesis inhibitors less likely to stimulate the development of resistance when used to treat cancers?

Accepted Answer

A) Angiogenesis inhibitors target normal, genetically stable, endothelial cells, which continue to respond to the presence of these agents. 
B) Angiogenesis inhibitors have low affinity for blood vessels. 
C) Angiogenesis inhibitors are unstable and do not survive long enough to induce resistance. 
D) Angiogenesis inhibitors are stable and survive too long to induce resistance. 
A) Angiogenesis inhibitors target normal, genetically stable, endothelial cells, which continue to respond to the presence of these agents. 
B) Angiogenesis inhibitors have low affinity for blood vessels. 
C) Angiogenesis inhibitors are unstable and do not survive long enough to induce resistance. 
D) Angiogenesis inhibitors are stable and survive too long to induce resistance.

Question 9

What is the name for tiny regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) tRNAs 
B) microRNAs 
C) mtRNAs 
D) macroRNAs 
E) rRNAs 
A) tRNAs 
B) microRNAs 
C) mtRNAs 
D) macroRNAs 
E) rRNAs

Question 10

Cells from a retinoblastoma tumor are cultured and a wild-type copy of the gene is reintroduced into the cells. What is the result of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) The cancer phenotype remains. 
B) The cancer phenotype is more extreme. 
C) The cancer phenotype disappears. 
D) The cells immediately die. 
A) The cancer phenotype remains. 
B) The cancer phenotype is more extreme. 
C) The cancer phenotype disappears. 
D) The cells immediately die.

Question 11

Using conventional nomenclature, which of the hypothetical genes named below would be a human gene?

Accepted Answer

A) ABC 
B) Gef 
C) par 
D) Raf 
A) ABC 
B) Gef 
C) par 
D) Raf

Question 12

When resources are limited, normal cells in culture will exhibit decreased growth rates. Which statement does NOT describe how cancer cells will respond?

Accepted Answer

A) They continue to grow and divide. 
B) They pile on top of one another forming clumps. 
C) Their growth rate decreases. 
D) They fail to respond to the types of signals that cause normal cells to cease growth and division. 
A) They continue to grow and divide. 
B) They pile on top of one another forming clumps. 
C) Their growth rate decreases. 
D) They fail to respond to the types of signals that cause normal cells to cease growth and division.

Question 13

Which statement about therapeutic radiation is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) radiation therapy can be used to reduce symptoms (palliatively) 
B) radiation never cures cancer unless it is used in conjunction with chemotherapy 
C) external beam radiation therapy produces high energy electron beams or X-rays 
D) internal radiation therapy places a small amount of radioactive isotope at the tumor site 
A) radiation therapy can be used to reduce symptoms (palliatively) 
B) radiation never cures cancer unless it is used in conjunction with chemotherapy 
C) external beam radiation therapy produces high energy electron beams or X-rays 
D) internal radiation therapy places a small amount of radioactive isotope at the tumor site

Question 14

For what disease has the bispecific monoclonal antibody Blincyto approved for treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) acute lymphocytic leukemia 
B) chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
C) ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) 
D) multiple sclerosis 
E) glioblastoma 
A) acute lymphocytic leukemia 
B) chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
C) ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) 
D) multiple sclerosis 
E) glioblastoma

Question 15

When telomerase appears in a cell, it is not because the coding sequences of the gene have been mutated. Instead, the protein produced is essentially normal, but it is being produced at an abnormal time. A gene that is normally repressed has been activated for some reason. Such an alteration in DNA structure is referred to as _________ change.

Accepted Answer

A) an androgenous 
B) a mutational 
C) an epigenetic 
D) a structural 
E) an ancillary 
A) an androgenous 
B) a mutational 
C) an epigenetic 
D) a structural 
E) an ancillary

Question 16

Because they act to _______ tumorigenesis, the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as _________.

Accepted Answer

A) enhance, tumor suppressors 
B) inhibit, oncogenes 
C) enhance, oncogenes 
D) inhibit, tumor suppressors 
A) enhance, tumor suppressors 
B) inhibit, oncogenes 
C) enhance, oncogenes 
D) inhibit, tumor suppressors

Question 17

A well-known cell-survival pathway involves a kinase called _______ that is activated by the _______, leading to a larger chance that the cell will survive a stimulus that would normally lead to its destruction.

Accepted Answer

A) PKB, phosphoinositide PIP3 
B) PKB, phosphoinositide PIP2 
C) PRB, phosphoinositide PIP3 
D) PKA, phosphoinositide PIP2 
A) PKB, phosphoinositide PIP3 
B) PKB, phosphoinositide PIP2 
C) PRB, phosphoinositide PIP3 
D) PKA, phosphoinositide PIP2

Question 18

Which type of new screening test will be able to identify cancers based on the presence of specific genes associated with various types of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) genomics 
B) Pap smear 
C) colonoscopy 
D) proteomics 
E) epinomics 
A) genomics 
B) Pap smear 
C) colonoscopy 
D) proteomics 
E) epinomics

Retinoblastoma is inherited as a ____________.

The fact that tumor cells depend, in many cases, on glycolysis may reflect ________.

The first oncogene discovered was _, which codes for a ___.

What commonly happens to the number of EGF receptors in the plasma membranes of malignant cells as compared to normal cells?

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular genetic or epigenetic event depends to a large degree on between and _ signals.

Cancer results from the uncontrolled proliferation of a single wayward cell and is therefore considered to be _________.

What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common?

Why is the use of angiogenesis inhibitors less likely to stimulate the development of resistance when used to treat cancers?

What is the name for tiny regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs?

Cells from a retinoblastoma tumor are cultured and a wild-type copy of the gene is reintroduced into the cells. What is the result of this experiment?

Using conventional nomenclature, which of the hypothetical genes named below would be a human gene?

When resources are limited, normal cells in culture will exhibit decreased growth rates. Which statement does NOT describe how cancer cells will respond?

Which statement about therapeutic radiation is NOT correct?

For what disease has the bispecific monoclonal antibody Blincyto approved for treatment?

Because they act to _ tumorigenesis, the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as ___.

A well-known cell-survival pathway involves a kinase called _ that is activated by the _, leading to a larger chance that the cell will survive a stimulus that would normally lead to its destruction.

Which type of new screening test will be able to identify cancers based on the presence of specific genes associated with various types of cancer?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 16: Cancer

Retinoblastoma is inherited as a ____________.

The fact that tumor cells depend, in many cases, on glycolysis may reflect ________.

The first oncogene discovered was _____, which codes for a _______.

What commonly happens to the number of EGF receptors in the plasma membranes of malignant cells as compared to normal cells?

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular genetic or epigenetic event depends to a large degree on ________ between ________ and _________ signals.

Cancer results from the uncontrolled proliferation of a single wayward cell and is therefore considered to be _________.

What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common?

Why is the use of angiogenesis inhibitors less likely to stimulate the development of resistance when used to treat cancers?

What is the name for tiny regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs?

Cells from a retinoblastoma tumor are cultured and a wild-type copy of the gene is reintroduced into the cells. What is the result of this experiment?

Using conventional nomenclature, which of the hypothetical genes named below would be a human gene?

When resources are limited, normal cells in culture will exhibit decreased growth rates. Which statement does NOT describe how cancer cells will respond?

Which statement about therapeutic radiation is NOT correct?

For what disease has the bispecific monoclonal antibody Blincyto approved for treatment?

Because they act to _______ tumorigenesis, the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as _________.

A well-known cell-survival pathway involves a kinase called _______ that is activated by the _______, leading to a larger chance that the cell will survive a stimulus that would normally lead to its destruction.

Which type of new screening test will be able to identify cancers based on the presence of specific genes associated with various types of cancer?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The first oncogene discovered was _, which codes for a ___.

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular genetic or epigenetic event depends to a large degree on between and _ signals.

Because they act to _ tumorigenesis, the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as ___.

A well-known cell-survival pathway involves a kinase called _ that is activated by the _, leading to a larger chance that the cell will survive a stimulus that would normally lead to its destruction.