Question 1

Studies of identical twins suggest that ________. (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) the genes we inherit have a significant influence on our risks of developing cancer 
B) the greatest impact on cancer development comes from genes altered during our lifetime 
C) genes play a very small role in cancer development 
D) genes play no role in cancer development 
A) the genes we inherit have a significant influence on our risks of developing cancer 
B) the greatest impact on cancer development comes from genes altered during our lifetime 
C) genes play a very small role in cancer development 
D) genes play no role in cancer development

Question 2

You culture cells and selectively block MYC gene expression. What is the effect on the cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell progression through the cycle continues unabated. 
B) Cell progression through G1 is blocked. 
C) The cells arrest in the middle of mitosis. 
D) The cells arrest in the middle of meiosis. 
E) The cells arrest in the middle of S phase. 
A) Cell progression through the cycle continues unabated. 
B) Cell progression through G1 is blocked. 
C) The cells arrest in the middle of mitosis. 
D) The cells arrest in the middle of meiosis. 
E) The cells arrest in the middle of S phase.

Question 3

The BCL-2 oncogene is most closely linked to _________; it encodes a membrane-bound protein that____________.

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis, normally acts to activate apoptosis 
B) apoptosis, normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
C) uncontrolled proliferation, normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
D) uncontrolled proliferation, normally acts to activate apoptosis 
E) apoptosis, binds to the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase 
A) apoptosis, normally acts to activate apoptosis 
B) apoptosis, normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
C) uncontrolled proliferation, normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
D) uncontrolled proliferation, normally acts to activate apoptosis 
E) apoptosis, binds to the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 4

The genes involved in tumorigenesis constitute a specific subset of the genome whose products are involved in which of the following activities?

Accepted Answer

A) progression of a cell through the cell cycle 
B) adhesion of a cell to its neighbors 
C) apoptosis 
D) repair of DNA damage 
E) all of these are correct 
A) progression of a cell through the cell cycle 
B) adhesion of a cell to its neighbors 
C) apoptosis 
D) repair of DNA damage 
E) all of these are correct

Question 5

Vinca alkaloids are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of white blood cells 
B) microtubule binding 
C) intermediate filament binding 
D) arresting cell division 
E) causing metaphase arrest 
A) destruction of white blood cells 
B) microtubule binding 
C) intermediate filament binding 
D) arresting cell division 
E) causing metaphase arrest

Question 6

Judah Folkmann suggested that solid tumors might be __________.

Accepted Answer

A) destroyed by enhancing their ability to form new blood vessels 
B) dissipated by enhancing the ability of cancer cells to separate from each other 
C) destroyed by inhibiting their ability to form new blood vessels 
D) enlarged by breaking down neighboring tissues 
E) desiccated by osmotic action 
A) destroyed by enhancing their ability to form new blood vessels 
B) dissipated by enhancing the ability of cancer cells to separate from each other 
C) destroyed by inhibiting their ability to form new blood vessels 
D) enlarged by breaking down neighboring tissues 
E) desiccated by osmotic action

Question 7

Which statement below is a correct statement about the abilities of normal cells and cancer cells to grow and divide when cultured under conditions favorable for normal cell proliferation?

Accepted Answer

A) Malignant cells grow and divide at a faster rate than normal cells. 
B) Normal cells grow and divide at a faster rate than malignant cells. 
C) Malignant and normal cells grow and divide at similar rates. 
D) Neither type of cell grows well. 
E) Normal cells do not grow at all, while malignant cells grow very rapidly. 
A) Malignant cells grow and divide at a faster rate than normal cells. 
B) Normal cells grow and divide at a faster rate than malignant cells. 
C) Malignant and normal cells grow and divide at similar rates. 
D) Neither type of cell grows well. 
E) Normal cells do not grow at all, while malignant cells grow very rapidly.

Question 8

How have scientists historically identified oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) by introducing the DNA suspected of containing the oncogene into cultured cells and looking for altered growth properties 
B) by fusing two normal cells together 
C) by fusing two malignant cells together 
D) by introducing the DNA suspected of containing the oncogene into cultured cells and looking for altered nuclear membranes 
A) by introducing the DNA suspected of containing the oncogene into cultured cells and looking for altered growth properties 
B) by fusing two normal cells together 
C) by fusing two malignant cells together 
D) by introducing the DNA suspected of containing the oncogene into cultured cells and looking for altered nuclear membranes

Question 9

What is the most important property of a cancer cell, whether it is in the body or in vitro?

Accepted Answer

A) its chromosome complement 
B) its loss of growth control 
C) its size 
D) its secretions 
E) its inability to divide 
A) its chromosome complement 
B) its loss of growth control 
C) its size 
D) its secretions 
E) its inability to divide

Question 10

What enzymatic activity is possessed by telomerase?

Accepted Answer

A) It maintains centromeres at chromosome ends (telomeres). 
B) It degrades centromeres at the telomeres of chromosomes. 
C) It maintains telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. 
D) It degrades telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. 
E) It attaches telomeric regions of homologous chromosomes to each other. 
A) It maintains centromeres at chromosome ends (telomeres). 
B) It degrades centromeres at the telomeres of chromosomes. 
C) It maintains telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. 
D) It degrades telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. 
E) It attaches telomeric regions of homologous chromosomes to each other.

Question 11

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life, Coley tried to develop a ______ extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy. His approach called ________ worked against some uncommon__________.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial, Coley's toxin, soft-tissue carcinomas 
B) bacterial, Coley's solution, soft-tissue sarcomas 
C) viral, Coley's toxin, soft-tissue sarcomas 
D) bacterial, Coley's toxin, soft-tissue sarcomas 
E) human cytoplasmic, Coley's cure, soft-tissue hepatomas 
A) bacterial, Coley's toxin, soft-tissue carcinomas 
B) bacterial, Coley's solution, soft-tissue sarcomas 
C) viral, Coley's toxin, soft-tissue sarcomas 
D) bacterial, Coley's toxin, soft-tissue sarcomas 
E) human cytoplasmic, Coley's cure, soft-tissue hepatomas

Question 12

Which cells generally lack the ability to divide?

Accepted Answer

A) stem cells 
B) progenitor cells 
C) differentiated end products of a tissue 
D) endocardial cells 
A) stem cells 
B) progenitor cells 
C) differentiated end products of a tissue 
D) endocardial cells

Question 13

Raf is a ________ protein kinase at the top of the _______.

Accepted Answer

A) tyrosine, MAP kinase cascade 
B) serine/threonine, MAP kinase cascade 
C) tyrosine, glucagon cascade 
D) serine/threonine. glucagon cascade 
E) serine/threonine, apoptosis cascade 
A) tyrosine, MAP kinase cascade 
B) serine/threonine, MAP kinase cascade 
C) tyrosine, glucagon cascade 
D) serine/threonine. glucagon cascade 
E) serine/threonine, apoptosis cascade

Question 14

What was the first radiation source that was discovered?

Accepted Answer

A) X-rays 
B) radium 
C) Gamma rays 
D) ultra-violet light 
E) uranium 
A) X-rays 
B) radium 
C) Gamma rays 
D) ultra-violet light 
E) uranium

Question 15

Which of the following statements does NOT support the concept of cancer stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Drugs such as Gleevec that reduce tumor mass may not eliminate all cells in the tumor. 
B) Tumor cells are not homogeneous and can express different cell-surface markers. 
C) Treatment with drugs that stimulate stem cell differentiation improves the efficacy of small-molecule targeted therapies. 
D) A key feature of cancer is that cells of a primary tumor are capable of unlimited proliferation. 
E) Only some cells from a tumor are able to initiate the formation of a new tumor following injection into an immunodeficient mouse. 
A) Drugs such as Gleevec that reduce tumor mass may not eliminate all cells in the tumor. 
B) Tumor cells are not homogeneous and can express different cell-surface markers. 
C) Treatment with drugs that stimulate stem cell differentiation improves the efficacy of small-molecule targeted therapies. 
D) A key feature of cancer is that cells of a primary tumor are capable of unlimited proliferation. 
E) Only some cells from a tumor are able to initiate the formation of a new tumor following injection into an immunodeficient mouse.

Question 16

Which molecule do Rituxan and Zevalin antibodies attack?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen 
B) CD20 
C) myeloid protein 
D) actin 
E) EGF receptor 
A) collagen 
B) CD20 
C) myeloid protein 
D) actin 
E) EGF receptor

Question 17

With respect to cancer genetics and the cancer genome, what are passenger genes?

Accepted Answer

A) genes that are subject to mutation but have no effect on the phenotype of a cancer cell 
B) genes that are not subject to mutation and have no effect on the phenotype of a cancer cell 
C) genes that are subject to mutation but have a large effect on the phenotype of a cancer cell 
D) genes that are subject to mutation but have no effect on the genotype of a cancer cell 
E) genes that are subject to mutation but have no effect on the phenotype of an egg cell 
A) genes that are subject to mutation but have no effect on the phenotype of a cancer cell 
B) genes that are not subject to mutation and have no effect on the phenotype of a cancer cell 
C) genes that are subject to mutation but have a large effect on the phenotype of a cancer cell 
D) genes that are subject to mutation but have no effect on the genotype of a cancer cell 
E) genes that are subject to mutation but have no effect on the phenotype of an egg cell

Question 18

Hypoxic conditions ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) cause cancer cells to activate a transcription factor called Hif 
B) can cause cancer cells to induce the formation of new blood vessels 
C) can promote the migratory properties of cancer cells 
D) can cause the spread of a tumor 
E) all of these are correct 
A) cause cancer cells to activate a transcription factor called Hif 
B) can cause cancer cells to induce the formation of new blood vessels 
C) can promote the migratory properties of cancer cells 
D) can cause the spread of a tumor 
E) all of these are correct

Question 19

Under what circumstances are tumor cells likely to undergo apoptosis when they have sustained damage to DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) if they have a functioning RP gene. 
B) if they have a functioning TP53 gene 
C) if they have a non-functioning RP gene. 
D) if they have a non-functioning TP53gene 
E) if they have a non-functioning BAX gene 
A) if they have a functioning RP gene. 
B) if they have a functioning TP53 gene 
C) if they have a non-functioning RP gene. 
D) if they have a non-functioning TP53gene 
E) if they have a non-functioning BAX gene

Question 20

What is the oncogene that is most often mutated in human tumors and what does it encode?

Accepted Answer

A) the RAS gene, a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
B) the RAS gene, a DNA polymerase that replicates DNA for dividing cells 
C) the MYC gene, an RNA polymerase that transcribes mRNA encoding proteins needed for cell division 
D) the RB gene, a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
E) the MYC gene, a protein kinase that enhances cell differentiation 
A) the RAS gene, a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
B) the RAS gene, a DNA polymerase that replicates DNA for dividing cells 
C) the MYC gene, an RNA polymerase that transcribes mRNA encoding proteins needed for cell division 
D) the RB gene, a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
E) the MYC gene, a protein kinase that enhances cell differentiation

Studies of identical twins suggest that ________. (Select all correct choices)

You culture cells and selectively block MYC gene expression. What is the effect on the cells?

The BCL-2 oncogene is most closely linked to _; it encodes a membrane-bound protein that____.

The genes involved in tumorigenesis constitute a specific subset of the genome whose products are involved in which of the following activities?

Vinca alkaloids are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

Judah Folkmann suggested that solid tumors might be __________.

Which statement below is a correct statement about the abilities of normal cells and cancer cells to grow and divide when cultured under conditions favorable for normal cell proliferation?

How have scientists historically identified oncogenes?

What is the most important property of a cancer cell, whether it is in the body or in vitro?

What enzymatic activity is possessed by telomerase?

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life, Coley tried to develop a extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy. His approach called worked against some uncommon____.

Which cells generally lack the ability to divide?

Raf is a __ protein kinase at the top of the _.

What was the first radiation source that was discovered?

Which of the following statements does NOT support the concept of cancer stem cells?

Which molecule do Rituxan and Zevalin antibodies attack?

With respect to cancer genetics and the cancer genome, what are passenger genes?

Hypoxic conditions ___________.

Under what circumstances are tumor cells likely to undergo apoptosis when they have sustained damage to DNA?

What is the oncogene that is most often mutated in human tumors and what does it encode?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 16: Cancer

Studies of identical twins suggest that ________. (Select all correct choices)

You culture cells and selectively block MYC gene expression. What is the effect on the cells?

The BCL-2 oncogene is most closely linked to _________; it encodes a membrane-bound protein that____________.

The genes involved in tumorigenesis constitute a specific subset of the genome whose products are involved in which of the following activities?

Vinca alkaloids are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:

Judah Folkmann suggested that solid tumors might be __________.

Which statement below is a correct statement about the abilities of normal cells and cancer cells to grow and divide when cultured under conditions favorable for normal cell proliferation?

How have scientists historically identified oncogenes?

What is the most important property of a cancer cell, whether it is in the body or in vitro?

What enzymatic activity is possessed by telomerase?

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life, Coley tried to develop a ______ extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy. His approach called ________ worked against some uncommon__________.

Which cells generally lack the ability to divide?

Raf is a ________ protein kinase at the top of the _______.

What was the first radiation source that was discovered?

Which of the following statements does NOT support the concept of cancer stem cells?

Which molecule do Rituxan and Zevalin antibodies attack?

With respect to cancer genetics and the cancer genome, what are passenger genes?

Hypoxic conditions ___________.

Under what circumstances are tumor cells likely to undergo apoptosis when they have sustained damage to DNA?

What is the oncogene that is most often mutated in human tumors and what does it encode?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The BCL-2 oncogene is most closely linked to _; it encodes a membrane-bound protein that____.

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life, Coley tried to develop a extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy. His approach called worked against some uncommon____.

Raf is a __ protein kinase at the top of the _.