Question 1

Scientists in the late 1960's were studying two rodent cell lines, one malignant and one normal. In an experiment which fused malignant and normal cells, what happened?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the hybrid (fused)cells behaved like malignant cancer cells. 
B) Some of the hybrid cells lost malignant traits. 
C) Some of the hybrid cells gained more extreme malignant traits. 
D) Most of the hybrids died shortly after fusion. 
E) The hybrids began to fuse together spontaneously making giant multinucleate cells. 
A) All of the hybrid (fused)cells behaved like malignant cancer cells. 
B) Some of the hybrid cells lost malignant traits. 
C) Some of the hybrid cells gained more extreme malignant traits. 
D) Most of the hybrids died shortly after fusion. 
E) The hybrids began to fuse together spontaneously making giant multinucleate cells.

Question 2

__________ is a term to describe new blood vessel formation.

Accepted Answer

A) Vesselogeny 
B) Angiogenesis 
C) Formational vessels 
D) Angiotension 
E) Venogenesis 
A) Vesselogeny 
B) Angiogenesis 
C) Formational vessels 
D) Angiotension 
E) Venogenesis

Question 3

William Coley, a New York physician in the late 1800s, studied spontaneous remissions of terminal cancer cases. He read that one man, who had an inoperable neck tumor, had gone into remission after what event?

Accepted Answer

A) after a cold 
B) after changing his diet drastically 
C) after a streptococcal infection beneath his skin 
D) after a rigorous exercise regimen 
E) after taking multiple vitamins 
A) after a cold 
B) after changing his diet drastically 
C) after a streptococcal infection beneath his skin 
D) after a rigorous exercise regimen 
E) after taking multiple vitamins

Question 4

Why do tumor viruses transform normal cells into cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They take over the normal cells and cause them to make progeny viruses. 
B) They carry genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal growth-regulating activities. 
C) They carry genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal bioenergetics pathways. 
D) They carry genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal secretory activities. 
A) They take over the normal cells and cause them to make progeny viruses. 
B) They carry genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal growth-regulating activities. 
C) They carry genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal bioenergetics pathways. 
D) They carry genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal secretory activities.

Question 5

What virus seems to be related to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in African patients, while it is associated only with minor infections, like mononucleosis, in the Western world?

Accepted Answer

A) avian erythroblastosis virus 
B) simian sarcoma virus 
C) rhinovirus 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
E) parvovirus 
A) avian erythroblastosis virus 
B) simian sarcoma virus 
C) rhinovirus 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
E) parvovirus

Question 6

Which of these anti-cancer drugs acts to inhibit topoisomerase I?

Accepted Answer

A) vinblastine 
B) taxol 
C) camptothecin 
D) podophyllotoxin 
E) etoposide 
A) vinblastine 
B) taxol 
C) camptothecin 
D) podophyllotoxin 
E) etoposide

Question 7

The sis oncogene of the simian sarcoma virus was derived from what normal cellular gene?

Accepted Answer

A) the Ras gene 
B) the gene for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 
C) the gene for the insulin receptor 
D) the gene for the glucagon receptor 
E) the gene for epidermal growth factor 
A) the Ras gene 
B) the gene for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 
C) the gene for the insulin receptor 
D) the gene for the glucagon receptor 
E) the gene for epidermal growth factor

Question 8

Another word for malignant transformation is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) oncologination 
B) ontogenesis 
C) cancerogenesis 
D) tumorigenesis 
E) oncogenation 
A) oncologination 
B) ontogenesis 
C) cancerogenesis 
D) tumorigenesis 
E) oncogenation

Question 9

What is the component called "serum" that is added to culture media?

Accepted Answer

A) any sugary solution 
B) the fluid fraction of blood 
C) a particulate fraction of blood 
D) a combination of the fluid and particulate fractions of blood 
E) any blood that has been in a syringe 
A) any sugary solution 
B) the fluid fraction of blood 
C) a particulate fraction of blood 
D) a combination of the fluid and particulate fractions of blood 
E) any blood that has been in a syringe

Question 10

How are drug companies trying to combat the ability of the BCL-2 gene to lower the effectiveness of chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A) They are trying to develop drugs that stabilize cancer cells. 
B) They are trying to develop drugs that make cancer cells more likely to undergo apoptosis. 
C) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to revert to normal embryonic cells. 
D) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to dedifferentiate. 
E) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to differentiate. 
A) They are trying to develop drugs that stabilize cancer cells. 
B) They are trying to develop drugs that make cancer cells more likely to undergo apoptosis. 
C) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to revert to normal embryonic cells. 
D) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to dedifferentiate. 
E) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to differentiate.

Question 11

Which of the following is presently being used as a screening procedure for cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) mammography for detecting breast cancer 
B) Pap smears for detecting cervical cancer 
C) PSA determinations for detecting prostate cancer 
D) colonoscopy for detecting colorectal cancer 
E) all of these are used to screen for cancer 
A) mammography for detecting breast cancer 
B) Pap smears for detecting cervical cancer 
C) PSA determinations for detecting prostate cancer 
D) colonoscopy for detecting colorectal cancer 
E) all of these are used to screen for cancer

Question 12

What observation suggested that the elevated sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy was NOT due to their more rapid division?

Accepted Answer

A) Cells that divide more quickly reproduce more effectively. 
B) Some cancer cells were observed to divide more slowly than their normal counterparts, yet they are still more sensitive to drugs and radiation than are normal cells. 
C) Cells that divide more quickly reproduced less effectively. 
D) Some cancer cells divide more quickly than their normal counterparts, yet they are still more sensitive to drugs and radiation than are normal cells. 
E) Normal cells dividing more slowly than tumor cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation. 
A) Cells that divide more quickly reproduce more effectively. 
B) Some cancer cells were observed to divide more slowly than their normal counterparts, yet they are still more sensitive to drugs and radiation than are normal cells. 
C) Cells that divide more quickly reproduced less effectively. 
D) Some cancer cells divide more quickly than their normal counterparts, yet they are still more sensitive to drugs and radiation than are normal cells. 
E) Normal cells dividing more slowly than tumor cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation.

Question 13

Which of the following enzymes is known to be expressed at a high level in the cancer cells of patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia and at low levels in the cancer cells of patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A) cholesterase 
B) catalase 
C) adenylyl cyclase 
D) phosphodiesterase 
E) protein kinase A 
A) cholesterase 
B) catalase 
C) adenylyl cyclase 
D) phosphodiesterase 
E) protein kinase A

Question 14

If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively, what is the effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell stops dividing. 
B) The cell differentiates. 
C) The cell dedifferentiates. 
D) The cell loses growth control. 
E) The cell increases in volume permanently. 
A) The cell stops dividing. 
B) The cell differentiates. 
C) The cell dedifferentiates. 
D) The cell loses growth control. 
E) The cell increases in volume permanently.

Question 15

What happens if a G1 cell sustains genetic damage?

Accepted Answer

A) The p53 protein concentration rises very rapidly. 
B) There is no increased expression of the p53 gene. 
C) The p53 protein exhibits an increase in stability. 
D) All choices are correct. 
A) The p53 protein concentration rises very rapidly. 
B) There is no increased expression of the p53 gene. 
C) The p53 protein exhibits an increase in stability. 
D) All choices are correct.

Question 16

How can cancer cells proliferate in the absence of blood serum?

Accepted Answer

A) Their nuclei depend on these serum growth factors to maintain their structure. 
B) The serum inhibits their growth, while it is necessary for normal cells. 
C) The cell cycle of cancer cells does not depend on growth-factor from serum. 
D) The cell cycle of cancer cells depends on signals transmitted from serum growth-factor receptors located in their cytoplasm. 
E) Their mitochondria depend on serum growth factors for their activity. 
A) Their nuclei depend on these serum growth factors to maintain their structure. 
B) The serum inhibits their growth, while it is necessary for normal cells. 
C) The cell cycle of cancer cells does not depend on growth-factor from serum. 
D) The cell cycle of cancer cells depends on signals transmitted from serum growth-factor receptors located in their cytoplasm. 
E) Their mitochondria depend on serum growth factors for their activity.

Question 17

________ is a humanized antibody directed against a cell surface receptor called _____ that binds a growth factor responsible for stimulating the proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Ascriptin, ASC3 
B) Herceptin, HER2 
C) Apcolin, APC2 
D) Herceptin. Raf 
E) Rafinolin, Raf 
A) Ascriptin, ASC3 
B) Herceptin, HER2 
C) Apcolin, APC2 
D) Herceptin. Raf 
E) Rafinolin, Raf

Question 18

What is a xenograft?

Accepted Answer

A) transplanting cells in the presence of xenon 
B) a transplant of cells from one organism to an organism of a different species 
C) mixing cells from two different species in a culture dish 
D) a transplant that does not have a good histocompatibility antigen match 
E) a skin graft from one organism to another within the same species 
A) transplanting cells in the presence of xenon 
B) a transplant of cells from one organism to an organism of a different species 
C) mixing cells from two different species in a culture dish 
D) a transplant that does not have a good histocompatibility antigen match 
E) a skin graft from one organism to another within the same species

Question 19

What happens to a cell that is carrying damaged DNA if both of its TP53 alleles become inactivated? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) It lacks the genetic integrity required for controlled growth. 
B) It lacks the genetic integrity required for uncontrolled growth. 
C) It fails to be destroyed. 
D) It is destroyed through apoptosis. 
A) It lacks the genetic integrity required for controlled growth. 
B) It lacks the genetic integrity required for uncontrolled growth. 
C) It fails to be destroyed. 
D) It is destroyed through apoptosis.

Question 20

____________ is a rare childhood cancer of the eye's retina.

Accepted Answer

A) Retinal carcinoma 
B) Eye cancer 
C) Retinal sarcoma 
D) Retinoblastoma 
E) Retinal epithelioma 
A) Retinal carcinoma 
B) Eye cancer 
C) Retinal sarcoma 
D) Retinoblastoma 
E) Retinal epithelioma

Scientists in the late 1960's were studying two rodent cell lines, one malignant and one normal. In an experiment which fused malignant and normal cells, what happened?

__________ is a term to describe new blood vessel formation.

William Coley, a New York physician in the late 1800s, studied spontaneous remissions of terminal cancer cases. He read that one man, who had an inoperable neck tumor, had gone into remission after what event?

Why do tumor viruses transform normal cells into cancer cells?

What virus seems to be related to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in African patients, while it is associated only with minor infections, like mononucleosis, in the Western world?

Which of these anti-cancer drugs acts to inhibit topoisomerase I?

The sis oncogene of the simian sarcoma virus was derived from what normal cellular gene?

Another word for malignant transformation is ________.

What is the component called "serum" that is added to culture media?

How are drug companies trying to combat the ability of the BCL-2 gene to lower the effectiveness of chemotherapy?

Which of the following is presently being used as a screening procedure for cancer?

What observation suggested that the elevated sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy was NOT due to their more rapid division?

Which of the following enzymes is known to be expressed at a high level in the cancer cells of patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia and at low levels in the cancer cells of patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively, what is the effect on the cell?

What happens if a G₁ cell sustains genetic damage?

How can cancer cells proliferate in the absence of blood serum?

____ is a humanized antibody directed against a cell surface receptor called _ that binds a growth factor responsible for stimulating the proliferation of breast cancer cells.

What is a xenograft?

What happens to a cell that is carrying damaged DNA if both of its TP53 alleles become inactivated? (Select all correct choices)

____________ is a rare childhood cancer of the eye's retina.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 16: Cancer

Scientists in the late 1960's were studying two rodent cell lines, one malignant and one normal. In an experiment which fused malignant and normal cells, what happened?

__________ is a term to describe new blood vessel formation.

William Coley, a New York physician in the late 1800s, studied spontaneous remissions of terminal cancer cases. He read that one man, who had an inoperable neck tumor, had gone into remission after what event?

Why do tumor viruses transform normal cells into cancer cells?

What virus seems to be related to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in African patients, while it is associated only with minor infections, like mononucleosis, in the Western world?

Which of these anti-cancer drugs acts to inhibit topoisomerase I?

The sis oncogene of the simian sarcoma virus was derived from what normal cellular gene?

Another word for malignant transformation is ________.

What is the component called "serum" that is added to culture media?

How are drug companies trying to combat the ability of the BCL-2 gene to lower the effectiveness of chemotherapy?

Which of the following is presently being used as a screening procedure for cancer?

What observation suggested that the elevated sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy was NOT due to their more rapid division?

Which of the following enzymes is known to be expressed at a high level in the cancer cells of patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia and at low levels in the cancer cells of patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively, what is the effect on the cell?

What happens if a G1 cell sustains genetic damage?

How can cancer cells proliferate in the absence of blood serum?

________ is a humanized antibody directed against a cell surface receptor called _____ that binds a growth factor responsible for stimulating the proliferation of breast cancer cells.

What is a xenograft?

What happens to a cell that is carrying damaged DNA if both of its TP53 alleles become inactivated? (Select all correct choices)

____________ is a rare childhood cancer of the eye's retina.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

What happens if a G₁ cell sustains genetic damage?

____ is a humanized antibody directed against a cell surface receptor called _ that binds a growth factor responsible for stimulating the proliferation of breast cancer cells.