Question 1

Using conventional nomenclature, which of the hypothetical genes named below would be a viral gene?

Accepted Answer

A) ABC 
B) Gef 
C) par 
D) Raf 
A) ABC 
B) Gef 
C) par 
D) Raf

Question 2

What types of genetic alterations might make humans more likely to develop a particular type of cancer? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) those that a parent obtains from his/her child 
B) germline mutations 
C) those that occur in eggs after menopause 
D) somatic mutations 
A) those that a parent obtains from his/her child 
B) germline mutations 
C) those that occur in eggs after menopause 
D) somatic mutations

Question 3

Which of the following is true of healthy G1 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) The p53 protein is found at very high levels. 
B) The probability of apoptosis in these cells is very high. 
C) The p53 protein is found at very low levels. 
D) All choices are correct. 
A) The p53 protein is found at very high levels. 
B) The probability of apoptosis in these cells is very high. 
C) The p53 protein is found at very low levels. 
D) All choices are correct.

Question 4

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have a small _________ on chromosome 5, which is the site of the _________.

Accepted Answer

A) deletion, RP tumor-suppressor gene 
B) deletion, APC oncogene 
C) duplication, APC tumor-suppressor gene 
D) deletion, APC tumor-suppressor gene 
E) duplication, RP tumor-suppressor gene 
A) deletion, RP tumor-suppressor gene 
B) deletion, APC oncogene 
C) duplication, APC tumor-suppressor gene 
D) deletion, APC tumor-suppressor gene 
E) duplication, RP tumor-suppressor gene

Question 5

How might blocking angiogenesis have a negative impact as a cancer treatment? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) by creating a higher oxygen tension in the tissue 
B) by concentrating tumor cells at a particular location in the body 
C) by creating a more O2-deficient environment for the tumor cells 
D) by driving tumor cells to seek out other sites in the body 
A) by creating a higher oxygen tension in the tissue 
B) by concentrating tumor cells at a particular location in the body 
C) by creating a more O2-deficient environment for the tumor cells 
D) by driving tumor cells to seek out other sites in the body

Question 6

After the DNAs attached to the glass slide of a microarray are exposed to a probe, how are they usually visualized?

Accepted Answer

A) The cDNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
B) The mRNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
C) The cDNA probes are radioactively labeled. 
D) The cDNA probes are labeled with ferritin. 
E) The mRNA probes are labeled with ferritin. 
A) The cDNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
B) The mRNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
C) The cDNA probes are radioactively labeled. 
D) The cDNA probes are labeled with ferritin. 
E) The mRNA probes are labeled with ferritin.

Question 7

Which cells below possess unlimited proliferation potential, have the capacity to produce more of themselves, and can give rise to all of the cells of the tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) stem cells 
B) progenitor cells 
C) differentiated end products of a tissue 
D) endocardial cells 
A) stem cells 
B) progenitor cells 
C) differentiated end products of a tissue 
D) endocardial cells

Question 8

What was the initial explanation for the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy as compared to normal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more rapidly. 
B) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because once they sustain genetic damage, they continue through the cell cycle while repair is incomplete and that triggers metastasis. 
C) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more slowly. 
D) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they will not undergo apoptosis. 
A) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more rapidly. 
B) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because once they sustain genetic damage, they continue through the cell cycle while repair is incomplete and that triggers metastasis. 
C) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more slowly. 
D) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they will not undergo apoptosis.

Question 9

What is unusual about the inheritance of retinoblastoma, given that it appears to be inherited as a dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

A) All children who inherit one copy of the RB deletion develop retinoblastoma. 
B) Not all children who inherit the RB deletion develop retinoblastoma. 
C) No children who inherit the RB deletion develop retinoblastoma. 
D) Only boys appear to develop retinoblastoma. 
E) Only girls appear to develop retinoblastoma. 
A) All children who inherit one copy of the RB deletion develop retinoblastoma. 
B) Not all children who inherit the RB deletion develop retinoblastoma. 
C) No children who inherit the RB deletion develop retinoblastoma. 
D) Only boys appear to develop retinoblastoma. 
E) Only girls appear to develop retinoblastoma.

Question 10

What is the proposed mechanism of action for the cancer stem cell-targeting drug tarextumab?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation designed to turn cancer stem cells into tumor cells 
B) stimulation designed to turn tumor cells into cancer stem cells 
C) stimulation of a stem-cell specific immune response 
D) inhibition of tyrosine kinase signaling 
E) stimulation of MAP kinase signaling 
A) stimulation designed to turn cancer stem cells into tumor cells 
B) stimulation designed to turn tumor cells into cancer stem cells 
C) stimulation of a stem-cell specific immune response 
D) inhibition of tyrosine kinase signaling 
E) stimulation of MAP kinase signaling

Question 11

You study two cell lines. In one, the MDM2 protein is overexpressed; in the other the p53 protein is absent. What difference would you expect in the behavior of these two cell lines?

Accepted Answer

A) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are also low; thus there will be no difference in behavior. 
B) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are low; thus there will be a drastic difference in behavior. 
C) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are high; thus there will be no difference. 
D) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are high; thus there will be no difference in behavior. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are also low; thus there will be no difference in behavior. 
B) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are low; thus there will be a drastic difference in behavior. 
C) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are high; thus there will be no difference. 
D) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2, p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the p53 protein, p53 levels are high; thus there will be no difference in behavior. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 12

Chronic infection with which stomach-dwelling bacterium has been associated with certain gastric lymphomas?

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli 
B) Staphylococcus aureus 
C) Helicobacter pylori 
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
A) Escherichia coli 
B) Staphylococcus aureus 
C) Helicobacter pylori 
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 13

The avian erythroblastosis virus contains an oncogene called erbB that encodes ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) an altered EGF receptor that is missing part of the extracellular domain that binds to the growth factor 
B) an altered insulin receptor that binds insulin with lower affinity 
C) an altered transcription factor that turns on hemoglobin synthesis 
D) an elongated auxiliary protein of the cytoskeleton 
E) an underexpressed nuclear protein 
A) an altered EGF receptor that is missing part of the extracellular domain that binds to the growth factor 
B) an altered insulin receptor that binds insulin with lower affinity 
C) an altered transcription factor that turns on hemoglobin synthesis 
D) an elongated auxiliary protein of the cytoskeleton 
E) an underexpressed nuclear protein

Question 14

Mutant forms of which of the following genes have been associated with melanomas and colorectal cancers, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) APC and ZUNI 
B) BRAF and CCMD 
C) BRAF and APC 
D) CCMD and APC 
E) ZUNI and BRAF 
A) APC and ZUNI 
B) BRAF and CCMD 
C) BRAF and APC 
D) CCMD and APC 
E) ZUNI and BRAF

Question 15

Which one of the following viruses does NOT appear to be linked to human cancers?

Accepted Answer

A) hepatitis B virus 
B) Epstein-Barr virus 
C) herpes virus HHV-8 
D) SV40 
E) rhinovirus 
A) hepatitis B virus 
B) Epstein-Barr virus 
C) herpes virus HHV-8 
D) SV40 
E) rhinovirus

Question 16

How is it believed that therapeutic radiation acts to kill tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Double stranded breaks in DNA are introduced, disrupting chromosomal integrity. 
B) Free radical damage is increased within cells which damages cytosolic and membrane components. 
C) Free radical damage is increased within cells which damages DNA. 
D) All are correct choices. 
A) Double stranded breaks in DNA are introduced, disrupting chromosomal integrity. 
B) Free radical damage is increased within cells which damages cytosolic and membrane components. 
C) Free radical damage is increased within cells which damages DNA. 
D) All are correct choices.

Question 17

Who made the first known correlation between environmental agents and cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A) Henry Potter 
B) Percivall Pott 
C) Percival Lowell 
D) Charles Darwin 
E) Archibald Garrod 
A) Henry Potter 
B) Percivall Pott 
C) Percival Lowell 
D) Charles Darwin 
E) Archibald Garrod

Question 18

How does lipid phosphatase PTEN affect the balance between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signals?

Accepted Answer

A) PTEN removes the phosphate group from the 3-position of PIP3 converting it to PI(4,5)P2, which cannot activate PKB (AKT)and thus throws the balance in an antiapoptotic direction. 
B) PTEN removes the phosphate group from the 3-position of PIP3 converting it to PI(4,5)P2, which cannot activate PKB (AKT)and thus throws the balance in a proapoptotic direction. 
C) PTEN cuts a phosphate group off of PKB, which throws the balance in a proapoptotic direction. 
D) PTEN cuts a phosphate group off of PKB, which throws the balance in an antiapoptotic direction. 
E) PTEN adds a phosphate group to PKB, which throws the balance in a proapoptotic direction. 
A) PTEN removes the phosphate group from the 3-position of PIP3 converting it to PI(4,5)P2, which cannot activate PKB (AKT)and thus throws the balance in an antiapoptotic direction. 
B) PTEN removes the phosphate group from the 3-position of PIP3 converting it to PI(4,5)P2, which cannot activate PKB (AKT)and thus throws the balance in a proapoptotic direction. 
C) PTEN cuts a phosphate group off of PKB, which throws the balance in a proapoptotic direction. 
D) PTEN cuts a phosphate group off of PKB, which throws the balance in an antiapoptotic direction. 
E) PTEN adds a phosphate group to PKB, which throws the balance in a proapoptotic direction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a biomarker that could reveal the presence of cancer through a blood test or screening?

Accepted Answer

A) mutant DNA 
B) abnormal carbohydrates 
C) distinctive metabolites 
D) presence of cancer cells 
E) all of these are correct 
A) mutant DNA 
B) abnormal carbohydrates 
C) distinctive metabolites 
D) presence of cancer cells 
E) all of these are correct

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for a small-molecule targeted therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation of tyrosine kinase 
B) inhibition of MAP kinase cascade 
C) blocking cell-survival pathways 
D) induction of apoptosis 
E) inhibition of estrogen synthesis 
A) stimulation of tyrosine kinase 
B) inhibition of MAP kinase cascade 
C) blocking cell-survival pathways 
D) induction of apoptosis 
E) inhibition of estrogen synthesis

Using conventional nomenclature, which of the hypothetical genes named below would be a viral gene?

What types of genetic alterations might make humans more likely to develop a particular type of cancer? (Select all correct choices)

Which of the following is true of healthy G₁ cells?

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have a small _ on chromosome 5, which is the site of the _.

How might blocking angiogenesis have a negative impact as a cancer treatment? (Select all correct choices)

After the DNAs attached to the glass slide of a microarray are exposed to a probe, how are they usually visualized?

Which cells below possess unlimited proliferation potential, have the capacity to produce more of themselves, and can give rise to all of the cells of the tissue?

What was the initial explanation for the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy as compared to normal cells?

What is unusual about the inheritance of retinoblastoma, given that it appears to be inherited as a dominant trait?

What is the proposed mechanism of action for the cancer stem cell-targeting drug tarextumab?

You study two cell lines. In one, the MDM2 protein is overexpressed; in the other the p53 protein is absent. What difference would you expect in the behavior of these two cell lines?

Chronic infection with which stomach-dwelling bacterium has been associated with certain gastric lymphomas?

The avian erythroblastosis virus contains an oncogene called erbB that encodes ___________.

Mutant forms of which of the following genes have been associated with melanomas and colorectal cancers, respectively?

Which one of the following viruses does NOT appear to be linked to human cancers?

How is it believed that therapeutic radiation acts to kill tumor cells?

Who made the first known correlation between environmental agents and cancer development?

How does lipid phosphatase PTEN affect the balance between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signals?

Which of the following is a biomarker that could reveal the presence of cancer through a blood test or screening?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for a small-molecule targeted therapy?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 16: Cancer

Using conventional nomenclature, which of the hypothetical genes named below would be a viral gene?

What types of genetic alterations might make humans more likely to develop a particular type of cancer? (Select all correct choices)

Which of the following is true of healthy G1 cells?

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have a small _________ on chromosome 5, which is the site of the _________.

How might blocking angiogenesis have a negative impact as a cancer treatment? (Select all correct choices)

After the DNAs attached to the glass slide of a microarray are exposed to a probe, how are they usually visualized?

Which cells below possess unlimited proliferation potential, have the capacity to produce more of themselves, and can give rise to all of the cells of the tissue?

What was the initial explanation for the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy as compared to normal cells?

What is unusual about the inheritance of retinoblastoma, given that it appears to be inherited as a dominant trait?

What is the proposed mechanism of action for the cancer stem cell-targeting drug tarextumab?

You study two cell lines. In one, the MDM2 protein is overexpressed; in the other the p53 protein is absent. What difference would you expect in the behavior of these two cell lines?

Chronic infection with which stomach-dwelling bacterium has been associated with certain gastric lymphomas?

The avian erythroblastosis virus contains an oncogene called erbB that encodes ___________.

Mutant forms of which of the following genes have been associated with melanomas and colorectal cancers, respectively?

Which one of the following viruses does NOT appear to be linked to human cancers?

How is it believed that therapeutic radiation acts to kill tumor cells?

Who made the first known correlation between environmental agents and cancer development?

How does lipid phosphatase PTEN affect the balance between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signals?

Which of the following is a biomarker that could reveal the presence of cancer through a blood test or screening?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for a small-molecule targeted therapy?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Which of the following is true of healthy G₁ cells?

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have a small _ on chromosome 5, which is the site of the _.