Question 1

Which cancer type has shown the best treatment results with adoptive T cell therapies to date?

Accepted Answer

A) lung cancers 
B) breast cancer 
C) melanoma 
D) B cell leukemia 
A) lung cancers 
B) breast cancer 
C) melanoma 
D) B cell leukemia

Question 2

The rearranged DNA elements encoding the V regions of antibodies are estimated to have a mutation rate 105 times greater than that of other genetic loci in the same cell. This phenomenon is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) somatic hypermutation 
B) somatic hypomutation 
C) somatic hyperattenuation 
D) enhanced mutability 
E) mutational hyperannuity 
A) somatic hypermutation 
B) somatic hypomutation 
C) somatic hyperattenuation 
D) enhanced mutability 
E) mutational hyperannuity

Question 3

In some cases, the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) receptor rearrangement 
B) receptor editing 
C) receptor stimulation 
D) receptor costimulation 
E) receptor subtraction 
A) receptor rearrangement 
B) receptor editing 
C) receptor stimulation 
D) receptor costimulation 
E) receptor subtraction

Question 4

How many types of T-cell receptors does each T cell have?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) up to ten 
D) an infinite number 
E) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) up to ten 
D) an infinite number 
E) four

Question 5

A complete κ V gene is formed as a specific Vκ gene is joined to one of the Jκ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) V(
D) J polymerase 
B) V(
D) J recombinase 
C) V(
D) J joinase 
D) V(
D) J ligase 
E) ligandase 
A) V(
D) J polymerase 
B) V(
D) J recombinase 
C) V(
D) J joinase 
D) V(
D) J ligase 
E) ligandase

Question 6

What is the natural function of the MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) attack of bacterial surface antigens 
B) destruction of transplanted antigens 
C) involvement in antigen presentation 
D) involvement in antibody presentation 
E) maintaining the stability of the plasma membrane 
A) attack of bacterial surface antigens 
B) destruction of transplanted antigens 
C) involvement in antigen presentation 
D) involvement in antibody presentation 
E) maintaining the stability of the plasma membrane

Question 7

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) They die off. 
B) They may, in some cases, persist for the person's lifetime. 
C) They revert to precursor cells. 
D) They proliferate even more. 
E) They dedifferentiate. 
A) They die off. 
B) They may, in some cases, persist for the person's lifetime. 
C) They revert to precursor cells. 
D) They proliferate even more. 
E) They dedifferentiate.

Question 8

What causes phagocytic white blood cells like neutrophils and macrophages to migrate toward the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

A) high pH 
B) high glucose concentration 
C) low pH 
D) chemoattractants released at the site 
E) calcium ions released into the region 
A) high pH 
B) high glucose concentration 
C) low pH 
D) chemoattractants released at the site 
E) calcium ions released into the region

Question 9

Which of the following models for the induction of antibodies was proposed initially by Niels Jerne?

Accepted Answer

A) The body makes small amounts of randomly structured antibodies in the absence of any antigen; exposure to an antigen leads to the production of the corresponding antibody. 
B) Antibodies are ingested from food and stored in the body until exposed to corresponding antigens. 
C) Antibodies are molded over the surface of antigens. 
D) Antibodies are reverse engineered from the DNA of bacterial pathogens 
A) The body makes small amounts of randomly structured antibodies in the absence of any antigen; exposure to an antigen leads to the production of the corresponding antibody. 
B) Antibodies are ingested from food and stored in the body until exposed to corresponding antigens. 
C) Antibodies are molded over the surface of antigens. 
D) Antibodies are reverse engineered from the DNA of bacterial pathogens

Question 10

What events lead to a differentiating B cell becoming committed to producing only one species of antibody molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) protein rearrangements in the genome 
B) RNA rearrangements in the genome 
C) DNA rearrangements in the genome 
D) DNA rearrangements in the mitochondrion 
E) spontaneous production of proteins in the Golgi complex 
A) protein rearrangements in the genome 
B) RNA rearrangements in the genome 
C) DNA rearrangements in the genome 
D) DNA rearrangements in the mitochondrion 
E) spontaneous production of proteins in the Golgi complex

Question 11

What is the name for nucleated white blood cells that circulate between the blood and lymphoid organs?

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils 
B) basophils 
C) leukophils 
D) lymphocytes 
E) adipocytes 
A) neutrophils 
B) basophils 
C) leukophils 
D) lymphocytes 
E) adipocytes

Question 12

________ are a variety of antimicrobial peptides secreted by epithelial cells and lymphocytes; these peptides are able to bind to viruses, bacteria or fungi and target them for destruction.

Accepted Answer

A) Immunoglobulins 
B) Gamma globulins 
C) Defensins 
D) Antibodies 
A) Immunoglobulins 
B) Gamma globulins 
C) Defensins 
D) Antibodies

Question 13

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

Accepted Answer

A) V, D and J segments 
B) V and J segments 
C) D and J segments 
D) V, M and J segments 
E) V, D, M and J segments 
A) V, D and J segments 
B) V and J segments 
C) D and J segments 
D) V, M and J segments 
E) V, D, M and J segments

Question 14

What is a physical/clinical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

Accepted Answer

A) The skin is reddened. 
B) The lymph nodes in the region of the infection become enlarged. 
C) The skin is bruised in the infected region. 
D) The lymph nodes shrink because they are secreting so much material. 
E) The temperature of the infected region decreases. 
A) The skin is reddened. 
B) The lymph nodes in the region of the infection become enlarged. 
C) The skin is bruised in the infected region. 
D) The lymph nodes shrink because they are secreting so much material. 
E) The temperature of the infected region decreases.

Question 15

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to donate an organ successfully to another individual?

Accepted Answer

A) any member of the population 
B) the recipient's sibling 
C) a member of the same race as the recipient 
D) the recipient's identical twin 
E) the recipient's fraternal twin 
A) any member of the population 
B) the recipient's sibling 
C) a member of the same race as the recipient 
D) the recipient's identical twin 
E) the recipient's fraternal twin

Question 16

Which cells of the immune system differentiate in the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells or T lymphocytes 
B) antigen cells 
C) B cells or B lymphocytes 
D) platelets 
E) macrophages 
A) T cells or T lymphocytes 
B) antigen cells 
C) B cells or B lymphocytes 
D) platelets 
E) macrophages

Question 17

When does the full repertoire of antibody-producing cells (all such cells that a person will ever have)appear in the lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) in the fertilized egg 
B) before stimulation by an antigen 
C) before stimulation by an antibody 
D) after stimulation by all of the possible antibodies 
E) after stimulation by any of the possible antigens 
A) in the fertilized egg 
B) before stimulation by an antigen 
C) before stimulation by an antibody 
D) after stimulation by all of the possible antibodies 
E) after stimulation by any of the possible antigens

Question 18

The chains of an immunoglobulin molecule are divided into a light chain domain and a heavy chain domain; each domain is encoded by __________.

Accepted Answer

A) two exons 
B) two introns 
C) its own exon 
D) its own intron 
E) an intron and an exon 
A) two exons 
B) two introns 
C) its own exon 
D) its own intron 
E) an intron and an exon

Question 19

Some activated B cells remain in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly at a later date if the antigen reappears in the body. Such cells are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) memory B cells 
B) activation B cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells 
A) memory B cells 
B) activation B cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells

Question 20

Which of the following are globular, blood-borne proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)?

Accepted Answer

A) antigens 
B) albumins 
C) heparins 
D) antibodies 
E) thrombospondins 
A) antigens 
B) albumins 
C) heparins 
D) antibodies 
E) thrombospondins

Which cancer type has shown the best treatment results with adoptive T cell therapies to date?

The rearranged DNA elements encoding the V regions of antibodies are estimated to have a mutation rate 105 times greater than that of other genetic loci in the same cell. This phenomenon is referred to as __________.

In some cases, the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

How many types of T-cell receptors does each T cell have?

A complete κ V gene is formed as a specific V_κ gene is joined to one of the J_κ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

What is the natural function of the MHC proteins?

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

What causes phagocytic white blood cells like neutrophils and macrophages to migrate toward the site of infection?

Which of the following models for the induction of antibodies was proposed initially by Niels Jerne?

What events lead to a differentiating B cell becoming committed to producing only one species of antibody molecule?

What is the name for nucleated white blood cells that circulate between the blood and lymphoid organs?

________ are a variety of antimicrobial peptides secreted by epithelial cells and lymphocytes; these peptides are able to bind to viruses, bacteria or fungi and target them for destruction.

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

What is a physical/clinical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to donate an organ successfully to another individual?

Which cells of the immune system differentiate in the thymus gland?

When does the full repertoire of antibody-producing cells (all such cells that a person will ever have)appear in the lymphoid tissue?

The chains of an immunoglobulin molecule are divided into a light chain domain and a heavy chain domain; each domain is encoded by __________.

Some activated B cells remain in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly at a later date if the antigen reappears in the body. Such cells are called __________.

Which of the following are globular, blood-borne proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 17: The Immune Response

Which cancer type has shown the best treatment results with adoptive T cell therapies to date?

The rearranged DNA elements encoding the V regions of antibodies are estimated to have a mutation rate 105 times greater than that of other genetic loci in the same cell. This phenomenon is referred to as __________.

In some cases, the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

How many types of T-cell receptors does each T cell have?

A complete κ V gene is formed as a specific Vκ gene is joined to one of the Jκ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

What is the natural function of the MHC proteins?

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

What causes phagocytic white blood cells like neutrophils and macrophages to migrate toward the site of infection?

Which of the following models for the induction of antibodies was proposed initially by Niels Jerne?

What events lead to a differentiating B cell becoming committed to producing only one species of antibody molecule?

What is the name for nucleated white blood cells that circulate between the blood and lymphoid organs?

________ are a variety of antimicrobial peptides secreted by epithelial cells and lymphocytes; these peptides are able to bind to viruses, bacteria or fungi and target them for destruction.

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

What is a physical/clinical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to donate an organ successfully to another individual?

Which cells of the immune system differentiate in the thymus gland?

When does the full repertoire of antibody-producing cells (all such cells that a person will ever have)appear in the lymphoid tissue?

The chains of an immunoglobulin molecule are divided into a light chain domain and a heavy chain domain; each domain is encoded by __________.

Some activated B cells remain in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly at a later date if the antigen reappears in the body. Such cells are called __________.

Which of the following are globular, blood-borne proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

A complete κ V gene is formed as a specific V_κ gene is joined to one of the J_κ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.