Question 1

Which cells of the immune system produce IFN-ɤ and protect the body against intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages to kill pathogens they might harbor?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) B cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) B cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 2

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)have evolved in molecular structure through three generations of design. Which of the following statements regarding the three generations of CARs is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) the first generation CARs were the largest most complex molecules 
B) the second generation CARs possessed two VH and two VL domains 
C) the third generation CARs possessed the most costimulatory domains 
D) the third generation CARs possessed three VH and two VL domains 
A) the first generation CARs were the largest most complex molecules 
B) the second generation CARs possessed two VH and two VL domains 
C) the third generation CARs possessed the most costimulatory domains 
D) the third generation CARs possessed three VH and two VL domains

Question 3

Which of the antigens below are typically able to activate B cells without the involvement of T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) very large bacterial lipids 
B) very large viral lipids 
C) bacterial cell wall polysaccharides 
D) bacterial cell wall polypeptides 
E) bacterial DNA 
A) very large bacterial lipids 
B) very large viral lipids 
C) bacterial cell wall polysaccharides 
D) bacterial cell wall polypeptides 
E) bacterial DNA

Question 4

Antigens that originate within the cytosol of a cell are referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) endogenous proteins 
B) exogenous proteins 
C) cytosolic proteins 
D) phagocytic proteins 
E) enterogenous proteins 
A) endogenous proteins 
B) exogenous proteins 
C) cytosolic proteins 
D) phagocytic proteins 
E) enterogenous proteins

Question 5

What is found on the surface of T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) T cell receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
B) B cells receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
C) T cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
D) B cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
E) platelet receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
A) T cell receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
B) B cells receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
C) T cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
D) B cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
E) platelet receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen

Question 6

Which of the following are proteolytic enzymes that enter perforin channels and activate caspases, which in turn initiate the apoptotic response?

Accepted Answer

A) granzymes 
B) proteolysinase 
C) proteases 
D) lysozymes 
E) protein kinase B 
A) granzymes 
B) proteolysinase 
C) proteases 
D) lysozymes 
E) protein kinase B

Question 7

Who realized that a cowpox infection at an early age protected people against deadly smallpox infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Gregor Mendel 
B) Edward Jenner 
C) Claude Bernard 
D) Louis Pasteur 
A) Gregor Mendel 
B) Edward Jenner 
C) Claude Bernard 
D) Louis Pasteur

Question 8

Some activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies. Such cells are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) memory cells 
B) activation cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells 
A) memory cells 
B) activation cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells

Question 9

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of TReg cells?

Accepted Answer

A) IPEX 
B) IBEX 
C) multiple sclerosis 
D) sudden infant death syndrome 
E) Tay-Sachs disease 
A) IPEX 
B) IBEX 
C) multiple sclerosis 
D) sudden infant death syndrome 
E) Tay-Sachs disease

Question 10

B cells are activated by ________ and T cells are activated by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) soluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells 
B) soluble, intact antigens; soluble, intact antigens 
C) antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells; soluble, intact antigens 
D) antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells 
E) insoluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells 
A) soluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells 
B) soluble, intact antigens; soluble, intact antigens 
C) antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells; soluble, intact antigens 
D) antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells 
E) insoluble, intact antigens; antigen fragments displayed on the surfaces of other cells

Question 11

What is the source of activated B cell populations?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells 
B) a population of undifferentiated and indistinguishable progenitor cells 
C) a population of differentiated and specific progenitor cells 
D) a population of undifferentiated and indistinguishable descendent cells 
E) platelets 
A) T cells 
B) a population of undifferentiated and indistinguishable progenitor cells 
C) a population of differentiated and specific progenitor cells 
D) a population of undifferentiated and indistinguishable descendent cells 
E) platelets

Question 12

Which antibodies are the predominant antibodies found in blood and lymph during a secondary response to most antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs 
A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs

Question 13

What is usually required for B cell activation by an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) other B cell interactions 
B) T cell activity 
C) platelets 
D) megakaryocytes 
E) erythrocytes 
A) other B cell interactions 
B) T cell activity 
C) platelets 
D) megakaryocytes 
E) erythrocytes

Question 14

Which of the following is characteristic of immature T cells that have just migrated to the thymus gland from the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

A) They lack lobed nuclei. 
B) They lack cell surface proteins that mediate T-cell function, most notably TCRs. 
C) They possess a diverse population of plasma membrane proteins. 
D) They have a low amount of RER. 
E) They have a large number of pseudopodia. 
A) They lack lobed nuclei. 
B) They lack cell surface proteins that mediate T-cell function, most notably TCRs. 
C) They possess a diverse population of plasma membrane proteins. 
D) They have a low amount of RER. 
E) They have a large number of pseudopodia.

Question 15

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional VH segments, 25 different DH segments and 6 JH segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies. Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments, how many different heavy chains could be made?

Accepted Answer

A) 7650 
B) 765 
C) 82 
D) 820 
E) 76,820 
A) 7650 
B) 765 
C) 82 
D) 820 
E) 76,820

Question 16

Why are the second and subsequent responses to antigen exposure faster than the initial response?

Accepted Answer

A) The antibodies of the secondary response are more efficient. 
B) The antibodies of the secondary response are less efficient. 
C) After the initial exposure, memory cells are present; they respond more quickly upon a second exposure to the antigen. 
D) After the initial exposure, the memory cells respond more slowly, as the pool of available cells has been diminished. 
E) Pathogens are generally weaker with the second exposure. 
A) The antibodies of the secondary response are more efficient. 
B) The antibodies of the secondary response are less efficient. 
C) After the initial exposure, memory cells are present; they respond more quickly upon a second exposure to the antigen. 
D) After the initial exposure, the memory cells respond more slowly, as the pool of available cells has been diminished. 
E) Pathogens are generally weaker with the second exposure.

Question 17

Blood contains a group of soluble proteins, which bind extracellular pathogens and destroy them. In one case, an assembly of these activated soluble proteins perforates the bacterial cell membrane, causing lysis and death of the cells. What is this group of soluble proteins called?

Accepted Answer

A) composite proteins 
B) complement proteins 
C) complimentary proteins 
D) complete proteins 
A) composite proteins 
B) complement proteins 
C) complimentary proteins 
D) complete proteins

Question 18

Which antibodies have no clearly understood function?

Accepted Answer

A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs 
A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs

Question 19

Which is NOT a present-day challenge in the clinical use of adoptive T cell therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) the lack of skilled clinical scientists and prohibitive costs associated with producing the engineered T cells 
B) unanticipated side effects such as massive cytokine release 
C) patient remissions after T cell therapies 
D) the affinity of the T cells for non-cancer cells 
A) the lack of skilled clinical scientists and prohibitive costs associated with producing the engineered T cells 
B) unanticipated side effects such as massive cytokine release 
C) patient remissions after T cell therapies 
D) the affinity of the T cells for non-cancer cells

Question 20

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Accepted Answer

A) They are bigger. 
B) They are smaller. 
C) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much greater affinity for their antigen. 
D) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much lower affinity for their antigen. 
E) They are more stable. 
A) They are bigger. 
B) They are smaller. 
C) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much greater affinity for their antigen. 
D) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much lower affinity for their antigen. 
E) They are more stable.

Which cells of the immune system produce IFN-ɤ and protect the body against intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages to kill pathogens they might harbor?

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)have evolved in molecular structure through three generations of design. Which of the following statements regarding the three generations of CARs is correct?

Which of the antigens below are typically able to activate B cells without the involvement of T cells?

Antigens that originate within the cytosol of a cell are referred to as __________.

What is found on the surface of T cells?

Which of the following are proteolytic enzymes that enter perforin channels and activate caspases, which in turn initiate the apoptotic response?

Who realized that a cowpox infection at an early age protected people against deadly smallpox infections?

Some activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies. Such cells are called __________.

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of T_R_eg cells?

B cells are activated by __ and T cells are activated by .

What is the source of activated B cell populations?

Which antibodies are the predominant antibodies found in blood and lymph during a secondary response to most antigens?

What is usually required for B cell activation by an antigen?

Which of the following is characteristic of immature T cells that have just migrated to the thymus gland from the bone marrow?

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional V_H segments, 25 different D_H segments and 6 J_H segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies. Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments, how many different heavy chains could be made?

Why are the second and subsequent responses to antigen exposure faster than the initial response?

Blood contains a group of soluble proteins, which bind extracellular pathogens and destroy them. In one case, an assembly of these activated soluble proteins perforates the bacterial cell membrane, causing lysis and death of the cells. What is this group of soluble proteins called?

Which antibodies have no clearly understood function?

Which is NOT a present-day challenge in the clinical use of adoptive T cell therapy?

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 17: The Immune Response

Which cells of the immune system produce IFN-ɤ and protect the body against intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages to kill pathogens they might harbor?

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)have evolved in molecular structure through three generations of design. Which of the following statements regarding the three generations of CARs is correct?

Which of the antigens below are typically able to activate B cells without the involvement of T cells?

Antigens that originate within the cytosol of a cell are referred to as __________.

What is found on the surface of T cells?

Which of the following are proteolytic enzymes that enter perforin channels and activate caspases, which in turn initiate the apoptotic response?

Who realized that a cowpox infection at an early age protected people against deadly smallpox infections?

Some activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies. Such cells are called __________.

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of TReg cells?

B cells are activated by ________ and T cells are activated by ______.

What is the source of activated B cell populations?

Which antibodies are the predominant antibodies found in blood and lymph during a secondary response to most antigens?

What is usually required for B cell activation by an antigen?

Which of the following is characteristic of immature T cells that have just migrated to the thymus gland from the bone marrow?

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional VH segments, 25 different DH segments and 6 JH segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies. Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments, how many different heavy chains could be made?

Why are the second and subsequent responses to antigen exposure faster than the initial response?

Blood contains a group of soluble proteins, which bind extracellular pathogens and destroy them. In one case, an assembly of these activated soluble proteins perforates the bacterial cell membrane, causing lysis and death of the cells. What is this group of soluble proteins called?

Which antibodies have no clearly understood function?

Which is NOT a present-day challenge in the clinical use of adoptive T cell therapy?

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of T_R_eg cells?

B cells are activated by __ and T cells are activated by .

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional V_H segments, 25 different D_H segments and 6 J_H segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies. Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments, how many different heavy chains could be made?