Question 1

_________ are capable of stimulating immunity but are genetically modified so that they are unable to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) Autistic pathogens 
B) Paralysed pathogens 
C) Attenuated pathogens 
D) Dystrophied pathogens 
E) Disadvantaged pathogens 
A) Autistic pathogens 
B) Paralysed pathogens 
C) Attenuated pathogens 
D) Dystrophied pathogens 
E) Disadvantaged pathogens

Question 2

Natural killer cells cause the death of virus-infected cells by inducing them to undergo _________.

Accepted Answer

A) rapid growth 
B) apoptosis 
C) perforation of their membranes 
D) solubilization of their membranes 
E) dehydration 
A) rapid growth 
B) apoptosis 
C) perforation of their membranes 
D) solubilization of their membranes 
E) dehydration

Question 3

What characteristic does gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) stability 
B) variability 
C) efficiency 
D) speed 
E) fragility 
A) stability 
B) variability 
C) efficiency 
D) speed 
E) fragility

Question 4

What process is probably responsible for the origin of the three parts of the constant portion of the IgG heavy chain?

Accepted Answer

A) inversion 
B) duplication 
C) deletion 
D) point mutation 
E) nonsense mutation 
A) inversion 
B) duplication 
C) deletion 
D) point mutation 
E) nonsense mutation

Question 5

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

Accepted Answer

A) They die within the thymus due to a lack of growth signals. 
B) They die within the bone marrow due to a lack of growth signals. 
C) They undergo proliferation in the thymus. 
D) They undergo proliferation in the bone marrow. 
E) They remain quiescent until further growth factors stimulate their proliferation. 
A) They die within the thymus due to a lack of growth signals. 
B) They die within the bone marrow due to a lack of growth signals. 
C) They undergo proliferation in the thymus. 
D) They undergo proliferation in the bone marrow. 
E) They remain quiescent until further growth factors stimulate their proliferation.

Question 6

Why is cell-mediated immunity (in addition to humoral immunity)needed to defend the body against invading pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) Humoral immunity is ineffective against antibodies. 
B) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present inside cells. 
C) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present outside cells. 
D) If used too often, antibodies can attack red blood cells. 
E) Antibodies are typically ineffective against bacteria, while they work well against viruses. 
A) Humoral immunity is ineffective against antibodies. 
B) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present inside cells. 
C) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present outside cells. 
D) If used too often, antibodies can attack red blood cells. 
E) Antibodies are typically ineffective against bacteria, while they work well against viruses.

Question 7

PAMP-triggered immunity in plants can activate over 1,000 genes in Arabidopsis via _________________ -mediated stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium ion 
B) protein kinase 
C) signal transduction 
D) single transcription factor 
A) calcium ion 
B) protein kinase 
C) signal transduction 
D) single transcription factor

Question 8

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

Accepted Answer

A) in the RER 
B) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 
C) in the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
D) in lysosomes 
E) at the plasma membrane 
A) in the RER 
B) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 
C) in the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
D) in lysosomes 
E) at the plasma membrane

Question 9

You are studying a weasel and find that its genome contains 7 Jκ and 55 Vκ genes. Other sources of variation (such as changes in the site at which a J sequence joins a V sequence and the ability of deoxynucleotidyl transferase to insert nucleotides at sites of strand breakage)have been found to introduce an additional ten-fold increase in variability. Assuming that any V sequence can join with any J sequence, how many different κ light chains can this organism make?

Accepted Answer

A) 620 
B) 385 
C) 3850 
D) 70 
E) 550 
A) 620 
B) 385 
C) 3850 
D) 70 
E) 550

Question 10

The ability of human maternal antibodies to get into the fetal circulation can lead to a life-threatening condition in which the fetal red blood cells are killed; this condition is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) lupus erythematosus 
B) erythroblastosis fetalis 
C) aplastic anemia 
D) sickle cell anemia 
E) erythemia 
A) lupus erythematosus 
B) erythroblastosis fetalis 
C) aplastic anemia 
D) sickle cell anemia 
E) erythemia

Question 11

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the Vκ region is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Q segment 
B) C segment 
C) J segment 
D) VJ segment 
E) M segment 
A) Q segment 
B) C segment 
C) J segment 
D) VJ segment 
E) M segment

Question 12

Which of the following plays an important role in allergic reactions by binding to mast cell surfaces and what event does the binding stimulate?

Accepted Answer

A) IgE heavy chains, the release of histamine 
B) IgE heavy chains, the release of allergan 
C) IgE light chains, the uptake of histamine 
D) IgE light chains, the release of allergan 
E) IgA heavy chains, the release of histamine 
A) IgE heavy chains, the release of histamine 
B) IgE heavy chains, the release of allergan 
C) IgE light chains, the uptake of histamine 
D) IgE light chains, the release of allergan 
E) IgA heavy chains, the release of histamine

Question 13

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another; these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity. Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

Accepted Answer

A) hypovariable 
B) hypervariable 
C) hypoconstant 
D) hyperconstant 
E) extremovariable 
A) hypovariable 
B) hypervariable 
C) hypoconstant 
D) hyperconstant 
E) extremovariable

Question 14

A helper T cell that secretes ______ induces a switch in the adjacent B cell from IgM synthesis to one of the IgG classes.

Accepted Answer

A) IFN-ɤ 
B) IFN-α 
C) IFN-β 
D) interleukin-1 
E) glucagons 
A) IFN-ɤ 
B) IFN-α 
C) IFN-β 
D) interleukin-1 
E) glucagons

Question 15

_________ screen body cells for aged, infected or malignant cells and then attack them.

Accepted Answer

A) Helper T lymphocytes 
B) Inhibitory T lymphocytes 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) Regulatory T lymphocytes 
E) B lymphocytes 
A) Helper T lymphocytes 
B) Inhibitory T lymphocytes 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) Regulatory T lymphocytes 
E) B lymphocytes

Question 16

Which type of immunity is carried out by antibodies and initiated by B lymphocyte stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A) humorous immunity 
B) cell-mediated immunity 
C) lymphocytic immunity 
D) humoral immunity 
E) surface-mediated immunity 
A) humorous immunity 
B) cell-mediated immunity 
C) lymphocytic immunity 
D) humoral immunity 
E) surface-mediated immunity

Question 17

Which cells are the primary target of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
B) helper T lymphocytes 
C) B lymphocytes 
D) macrophages 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
B) helper T lymphocytes 
C) B lymphocytes 
D) macrophages 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 18

Which cells are characterized by their possession of CD4 and CD25 surface markers?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) B cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) B cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 19

What cellular structure is found to be greatly expanded in plasma cells, but not in their precursor cells?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclei 
B) mitochondria 
C) chloroplasts 
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E) lysosomes 
A) nuclei 
B) mitochondria 
C) chloroplasts 
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E) lysosomes

Question 20

Which cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells or T lymphocytes 
B) antigen cells 
C) B cells or B lymphocytes 
D) platelets 
E) erythrocytes 
A) T cells or T lymphocytes 
B) antigen cells 
C) B cells or B lymphocytes 
D) platelets 
E) erythrocytes

_________ are capable of stimulating immunity but are genetically modified so that they are unable to cause disease.

Natural killer cells cause the death of virus-infected cells by inducing them to undergo _________.

What characteristic does gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

What process is probably responsible for the origin of the three parts of the constant portion of the IgG heavy chain?

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

Why is cell-mediated immunity (in addition to humoral immunity)needed to defend the body against invading pathogens?

PAMP-triggered immunity in plants can activate over 1,000 genes in Arabidopsis via _________________ -mediated stimulation.

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

The ability of human maternal antibodies to get into the fetal circulation can lead to a life-threatening condition in which the fetal red blood cells are killed; this condition is known as ___________.

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the V_κregion is called the ____.

Which of the following plays an important role in allergic reactions by binding to mast cell surfaces and what event does the binding stimulate?

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another; these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity. Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

A helper T cell that secretes ______ induces a switch in the adjacent B cell from IgM synthesis to one of the IgG classes.

_________ screen body cells for aged, infected or malignant cells and then attack them.

Which type of immunity is carried out by antibodies and initiated by B lymphocyte stimulation?

Which cells are the primary target of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS?

Which cells are characterized by their possession of CD4 and CD25 surface markers?

What cellular structure is found to be greatly expanded in plasma cells, but not in their precursor cells?

Which cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting antibodies?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 17: The Immune Response

_________ are capable of stimulating immunity but are genetically modified so that they are unable to cause disease.

Natural killer cells cause the death of virus-infected cells by inducing them to undergo _________.

What characteristic does gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

What process is probably responsible for the origin of the three parts of the constant portion of the IgG heavy chain?

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

Why is cell-mediated immunity (in addition to humoral immunity)needed to defend the body against invading pathogens?

PAMP-triggered immunity in plants can activate over 1,000 genes in Arabidopsis via _________________ -mediated stimulation.

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

The ability of human maternal antibodies to get into the fetal circulation can lead to a life-threatening condition in which the fetal red blood cells are killed; this condition is known as ___________.

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the Vκ region is called the ____.

Which of the following plays an important role in allergic reactions by binding to mast cell surfaces and what event does the binding stimulate?

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another; these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity. Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

A helper T cell that secretes ______ induces a switch in the adjacent B cell from IgM synthesis to one of the IgG classes.

_________ screen body cells for aged, infected or malignant cells and then attack them.

Which type of immunity is carried out by antibodies and initiated by B lymphocyte stimulation?

Which cells are the primary target of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS?

Which cells are characterized by their possession of CD4 and CD25 surface markers?

What cellular structure is found to be greatly expanded in plasma cells, but not in their precursor cells?

Which cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting antibodies?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the V_κregion is called the ____.