Exam 3: The History of Corrections in America

During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and:

______________________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early release.

Although conceptualized by early English reformers, the penitentiary first appeared in the United States in the city of ____________, when part of the Walnut Street Jail was converted to allow for separate confinement.

The country that gave the world its first penitentiary is:

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. -Lease system

The was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole.

The first two decades of the 1900s, referred to as ______________, set the dominant tone for U.S. social thought and political action through the 1960s.

Progressives wanted to know the ______________ of an offender so that they could devise an individualized treatment program.

Although the idea of ______________ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States.

The 1980s in corrections centered on crime control through and risk containment.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. -Penitentiary

Immediately following the Civil War, the ______________ system of corrections permitted inmates to be loaned to private contractors who provided prisoners food and clothing in exchange for their labor.

Corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be treated is known as the crime control model.

Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded, understaffed, and minimally financed.

Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America:

The social and political climate of the 1960s gave rise to a model of corrections.

The ______________ were a group that looked to the social, economic, biological, and psychological rather than religious or moral explanations for the causes of crime.

The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations.