Exam 3: The History of Corrections in America

The nature and practices of corrections relate to environment. What kinds of conditions were prevalent in the South after the Civil War and how did this landscape affect corrections? Was anything unique or distinct in this region?

The approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior.

The infamous Attica Prison Riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State's Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community corrections model.

The medical model of corrections began to be implemented during the:

By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. -Community corrections

According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to:

Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives?

Progressives implemented probation, , and parole throughout the United States.

The original penitentiary relied on penance and contemplation as the means for the criminal offender to move from sin toward perfection.

According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.

The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. -Congregate system

The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance.

The congregate penitentiary system was more concerned with instilling good work habits to prevent a relapse into crime than with ________________ an offender's character.

The opening of Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829 marked the full development and implementation of the _______________ system.

The was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates.

Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system throughout the early 1800s.

The first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons upon authorization by Congress in 1929 was? .

Discuss the historical development of parole and indeterminate sentencing. Does either have a place in the current correctional climate or would we be better off to abolish them? Defend your answer.