Question 1

An earthquake generated on this type of fault would most likely be associated with a:

Accepted Answer

A)  subduction zone 
B)  divergent plate boundary 
C)  rift 
D)  caldera 
E)  transform boundary 
A)  subduction zone 
B)  divergent plate boundary 
C)  rift 
D)  caldera 
E)  transform boundary E

Question 2

Based on the image, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since the seismic rays are straight, we can determine that the physical properties of the material do not change. 
B)  Since the seismic rays are straight, we can determine that the material is causing the seismic wave to slow at depth. 
C)  Since the seismic rays are straight, we can determine that the material is causing the seismic wave to speed up at depth. 
D)  The seismic wave is being refracted and reflected as it travels through the material in the image. 
A)  Since the seismic rays are straight, we can determine that the physical properties of the material do not change. 
B)  Since the seismic rays are straight, we can determine that the material is causing the seismic wave to slow at depth. 
C)  Since the seismic rays are straight, we can determine that the material is causing the seismic wave to speed up at depth. 
D)  The seismic wave is being refracted and reflected as it travels through the material in the image. A

Question 3

The image, indicating the path of a seismic wave through a segment of the Earth, shows:

Accepted Answer

A)  refraction causes seismic waves to take curved paths through Earth 
B)  seismic waves are refracted to shallower and shallower angles at depth 
C)  waves are eventually bent back toward the surface 
D)  The image shows all of these 
A)  refraction causes seismic waves to take curved paths through Earth 
B)  seismic waves are refracted to shallower and shallower angles at depth 
C)  waves are eventually bent back toward the surface 
D)  The image shows all of these D

Question 4

Which factors influence the velocity of P-waves as they travel through the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  How easily the rocks are compressed Sample Answer 1 
B)  How rigid the material is 
C)  The density of the material 
D)  All these factors influence the velocity of P-waves 
A)  How easily the rocks are compressed Sample Answer 1 
B)  How rigid the material is 
C)  The density of the material 
D)  All these factors influence the velocity of P-waves

Question 5

What type of evidence was used in the Investigation to locate where the earthquake occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  photographs showing the amount of damage in different places 
B)  newspaper accounts of where buildings were destroyed 
C)  newspaper accounts recording eyewitness observations 
D)  seismograms from three stations 
E)  all of these 
A)  photographs showing the amount of damage in different places 
B)  newspaper accounts of where buildings were destroyed 
C)  newspaper accounts recording eyewitness observations 
D)  seismograms from three stations 
E)  all of these

Question 6

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, in the Indian Ocean 
B)  2, in Tibet 
C)  3, near Japan 
D)  4, near the Tonga island arc 
E)  3 and 4 
A)  1, in the Indian Ocean 
B)  2, in Tibet 
C)  3, near Japan 
D)  4, near the Tonga island arc 
E)  3 and 4

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a way that volcanoes and magma can cause earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volcanic explosions cause seismic waves. 
B)  Volcanoes can load the crust, causing faulting and earthquakes. 
C)  Many volcanoes have steep, unstable slopes that can cause landslides that shake the ground. 
D)  Moving magma within or below the volcano can cause earthquakes. 
E)  All of these are ways that volcanoes can cause earthquakes. 
A)  Volcanic explosions cause seismic waves. 
B)  Volcanoes can load the crust, causing faulting and earthquakes. 
C)  Many volcanoes have steep, unstable slopes that can cause landslides that shake the ground. 
D)  Moving magma within or below the volcano can cause earthquakes. 
E)  All of these are ways that volcanoes can cause earthquakes.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of P-waves?

Accepted Answer

A)  They compress and then expand the rock in the direction the wave travels. 
B)  They are generated near the surface and only compress the rock as they travel. 
C)  They travel slower than other seismic waves. 
D)  They displace the rock back and forth in a direction that is perpendicular to their travel direction. 
E)  They cannot be recorded on seismographs. 
A)  They compress and then expand the rock in the direction the wave travels. 
B)  They are generated near the surface and only compress the rock as they travel. 
C)  They travel slower than other seismic waves. 
D)  They displace the rock back and forth in a direction that is perpendicular to their travel direction. 
E)  They cannot be recorded on seismographs.

Question 9

This photograph from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake shows a white area of seafloor that was uplifted during the event. What does this observation specifically suggest about how the earthquake might cause damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  areas on land could be affected by liquefaction 
B)  areas on land could experience landslides 
C)  this earthquake could have caused a tsunami because it offset the seafloor 
D)  the earthquake could have caused fires because it released sulfur-dioxide gas 
A)  areas on land could be affected by liquefaction 
B)  areas on land could experience landslides 
C)  this earthquake could have caused a tsunami because it offset the seafloor 
D)  the earthquake could have caused fires because it released sulfur-dioxide gas

Question 10

What is illustrated by this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  stress consistently increases through time 
B)  stress consistently decreases through time 
C)  as stress increases, the fault strength increases 
D)  stress increases until it matches the strength of the fault, and then stress decreases 
A)  stress consistently increases through time 
B)  stress consistently decreases through time 
C)  as stress increases, the fault strength increases 
D)  stress increases until it matches the strength of the fault, and then stress decreases

Question 11

The earthquake location shown as the red dot is generated on what type of fault?

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse fault 
B)  normal fault 
C)  thrust fault 
D)  strike-slip fault 
A)  reverse fault 
B)  normal fault 
C)  thrust fault 
D)  strike-slip fault

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of S-waves?

Accepted Answer

A)  they cannot travel through liquids 
B)  they shear rock from side to side or up and down 
C)  they displace the rock in a direction that is perpendicular to their travel direction 
D)  all of these 
A)  they cannot travel through liquids 
B)  they shear rock from side to side or up and down 
C)  they displace the rock in a direction that is perpendicular to their travel direction 
D)  all of these

Question 13

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have the deepest earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, the oceanic trench 
B)  2, below the magmatic belt 
C)  3, along a passive margin 
D)  4, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean 
E)  both 1 and 2 
A)  1, the oceanic trench 
B)  2, below the magmatic belt 
C)  3, along a passive margin 
D)  4, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean 
E)  both 1 and 2

Question 14

What was the main cause of death associated with the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)  poor construction of buildings 
B)  ground shaking that caused the soil to turn to a liquid 
C)  a large ocean wave or tsunami 
D)  massive fires along the coast 
A)  poor construction of buildings 
B)  ground shaking that caused the soil to turn to a liquid 
C)  a large ocean wave or tsunami 
D)  massive fires along the coast

Question 15

The diagram on the right shows data from a single earthquake plotted on a diagram that shows the mathematical relationship between distance, magnitude, and S-wave amplitude. What do these data show?

Accepted Answer

A)  the distance between stations WUAZ and DUG is 680 km 
B)  station ISCO is 22 km from the earthquake epicenter 
C)  the local magnitude of the earthquake recorded by these three stations is 4.1 MI 
D)  station DUG was closest to the earthquake 
A)  the distance between stations WUAZ and DUG is 680 km 
B)  station ISCO is 22 km from the earthquake epicenter 
C)  the local magnitude of the earthquake recorded by these three stations is 4.1 MI 
D)  station DUG was closest to the earthquake

Question 16

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, the oceanic trench 
B)  2, below the magmatic belt 
C)  3, along a passive margin 
D)  4, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean 
E)  both 1 and 2 
A)  1, the oceanic trench 
B)  2, below the magmatic belt 
C)  3, along a passive margin 
D)  4, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean 
E)  both 1 and 2

Question 17

Which of the following resulted from the large 2011Tohuku earthquake in Japan?

Accepted Answer

A)  severe ground shaking that damaged buildings near the earthquake 
B)  a deadly tsunami 
C)  destruction of a nuclear power plant 
D)  all of these 
A)  severe ground shaking that damaged buildings near the earthquake 
B)  a deadly tsunami 
C)  destruction of a nuclear power plant 
D)  all of these

Question 18

Which observations would tell you the most about the geometry of rock layers deep in the subsurface?

Accepted Answer

A)  the mine shaft into granite 1) 
B)  a seismic reflection survey 2) 
C)  a shallow drill hole 3) 
D)  a magnetic survey 4) 
E)  gravity survey 5) 
A)  the mine shaft into granite 1) 
B)  a seismic reflection survey 2) 
C)  a shallow drill hole 3) 
D)  a magnetic survey 4) 
E)  gravity survey 5)

Question 19

What features in the image help you identify the location of the fault?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stream channel runs parallel with faults 
B)  Linear ridges and valley 
C)  Scarp 
D)  All of these 
A)  Stream channel runs parallel with faults 
B)  Linear ridges and valley 
C)  Scarp 
D)  All of these

Question 20

Which of the following are potential sources of destruction that may be caused either directly or secondarily by earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  landslides and rock falls 
B)  tsunami 
C)  aftershocks 
D)  fires 
E)  all of these 
A)  landslides and rock falls 
B)  tsunami 
C)  aftershocks 
D)  fires 
E)  all of these

An earthquake generated on this type of fault would most likely be associated with a:

Based on the image, which of the following is true?

The image, indicating the path of a seismic wave through a segment of the Earth, shows:

Which factors influence the velocity of P-waves as they travel through the Earth?

What type of evidence was used in the Investigation to locate where the earthquake occurred?

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

Which of the following is NOT a way that volcanoes and magma can cause earthquakes?

Which of the following is a characteristic of P-waves?

This photograph from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake shows a white area of seafloor that was uplifted during the event. What does this observation specifically suggest about how the earthquake might cause damage?

What is illustrated by this figure?

The earthquake location shown as the red dot is generated on what type of fault?

Which of the following is a characteristic of S-waves?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have the deepest earthquakes?

What was the main cause of death associated with the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?

The diagram on the right shows data from a single earthquake plotted on a diagram that shows the mathematical relationship between distance, magnitude, and S-wave amplitude. What do these data show?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

Which of the following resulted from the large 2011Tohuku earthquake in Japan?

Which observations would tell you the most about the geometry of rock layers deep in the subsurface?

What features in the image help you identify the location of the fault?

Which of the following are potential sources of destruction that may be caused either directly or secondarily by earthquakes?

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Exam 12: Earthquakes and Earths Interior

An earthquake generated on this type of fault would most likely be associated with a:

Based on the image, which of the following is true?

The image, indicating the path of a seismic wave through a segment of the Earth, shows:

Which factors influence the velocity of P-waves as they travel through the Earth?

What type of evidence was used in the Investigation to locate where the earthquake occurred?

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

Which of the following is NOT a way that volcanoes and magma can cause earthquakes?

Which of the following is a characteristic of P-waves?

This photograph from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake shows a white area of seafloor that was uplifted during the event. What does this observation specifically suggest about how the earthquake might cause damage?

What is illustrated by this figure?

The earthquake location shown as the red dot is generated on what type of fault?

Which of the following is a characteristic of S-waves?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have the deepest earthquakes?

What was the main cause of death associated with the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?

The diagram on the right shows data from a single earthquake plotted on a diagram that shows the mathematical relationship between distance, magnitude, and S-wave amplitude. What do these data show?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

Which of the following resulted from the large 2011Tohuku earthquake in Japan?

Which observations would tell you the most about the geometry of rock layers deep in the subsurface?

What features in the image help you identify the location of the fault?

Which of the following are potential sources of destruction that may be caused either directly or secondarily by earthquakes?

The Nature of Geology

Investigating Geologic Questions

Plate Tectonics

Earth Materials

Igneous Environments

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Sedimentary Environments

Deformation and Metamorphism

Geologic Time

Seafloor and Continental Margins

Mountains, Basins, and Continents

Climate and Weathering

Glaciers, Shorelines, and Changing Sea Levels

Weathering, Soil, and Unstable Slopes

Streams and Flooding

Water Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources

Geology of the Solar System

Filters