Question 1

In all likelihood,attitudes toward _______ are affectively based and stem from _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  instant coffee; instrumental conditioning 
B)  the death penalty; people's values 
C)  abortion; a logical examination of the facts 
D)  toilet paper; a logical examination of the facts 
E)  cleaning products; people's values 
A)  instant coffee; instrumental conditioning 
B)  the death penalty; people's values 
C)  abortion; a logical examination of the facts 
D)  toilet paper; a logical examination of the facts 
E)  cleaning products; people's values

Question 2

Consider the lyrics to Smokey Robinson's song,"You've Really Got a Hold on Me": "I don't like you,but I love you.Seems that I'm always thinking of you.You treat me badly,I love you madly.You've really got a hold on me." The sentiments reflected in these lyrics best capture the _______ component of the singer's attitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  dissonant 
B)  behavioural 
C)  ambivalent 
D)  affective 
E)  cognitive 
A)  dissonant 
B)  behavioural 
C)  ambivalent 
D)  affective 
E)  cognitive

Question 3

Rachel recently tried sushi for the first time.Now,she finds herself eating it regularly.Since she eats it all the time,she decides that sushi must be her favourite meal.Rachel's attitude toward sushi is a(n)_______ attitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitively based 
B)  decision-based 
C)  value-based 
D)  behaviourally based 
E)  affectively based 
A)  cognitively based 
B)  decision-based 
C)  value-based 
D)  behaviourally based 
E)  affectively based

Question 4

According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach,people who are __________ and _____________ are particularly open to being influenced by persuasive communication.

Accepted Answer

A)  low in intelligence; have high self-esteem 
B)  high in intelligence; have moderate self-esteem 
C)  high in intelligence; have low self-esteem 
D)  low in intelligence; have low self-esteem 
E)  low in intelligence; have moderate self-esteem 
A)  low in intelligence; have high self-esteem 
B)  high in intelligence; have moderate self-esteem 
C)  high in intelligence; have low self-esteem 
D)  low in intelligence; have low self-esteem 
E)  low in intelligence; have moderate self-esteem

Question 5

Which of the following people is using an internal justification to reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justin, who identifies a large reward as the cause of his behaviour 
B)  Christiane, who changes her attitude to bring it in line with an undesirable behaviour 
C)  Denise, who reconciles herself to the discomfort that dissonance produces 
D)  Michelle, who points to the fact that she was coerced into an undesirable behaviour 
E)  Blaine, who views his boss as the cause of his behaviour 
A)  Justin, who identifies a large reward as the cause of his behaviour 
B)  Christiane, who changes her attitude to bring it in line with an undesirable behaviour 
C)  Denise, who reconciles herself to the discomfort that dissonance produces 
D)  Michelle, who points to the fact that she was coerced into an undesirable behaviour 
E)  Blaine, who views his boss as the cause of his behaviour

Question 6

After filing your ballot for an election,you are more convinced than you were before filing the ballot that you voted for the best candidate.This example illustrates the idea that when decisions are _______ individuals engage in a greater amount of dissonance reduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  unchangeable 
B)  ambiguous 
C)  imminent 
D)  difficult 
E)  simple 
A)  unchangeable 
B)  ambiguous 
C)  imminent 
D)  difficult 
E)  simple

Question 7

Sometimes people don't use condoms because they are too embarrassed to buy them at the drug store.According to the text,this is an example of the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)  perceived behavioural control. 
B)  behavioural intentions. 
C)  attitude accessibility. 
D)  subjective norms. 
E)  situational constraints. 
A)  perceived behavioural control. 
B)  behavioural intentions. 
C)  attitude accessibility. 
D)  subjective norms. 
E)  situational constraints.

Question 8

According to the authors,every time we make a decision,we experience some amount of dissonance.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rejected alternative is seldom completely positive. 
B)  After people invest effort, they are motivated to second-guess themselves. 
C)  People seldom seek out objective information before decision-making. 
D)  People often make the wrong decision. 
E)  The chosen alternative is seldom completely positive. 
A)  The rejected alternative is seldom completely positive. 
B)  After people invest effort, they are motivated to second-guess themselves. 
C)  People seldom seek out objective information before decision-making. 
D)  People often make the wrong decision. 
E)  The chosen alternative is seldom completely positive.

Question 9

According to the tenets of dissonance theory,when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe,we will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  seek out dissonance. 
B)  increase the number of dishonest deeds we do. 
C)  deny what we said. 
D)  stop thinking about what we said. 
E)  seek internal justifications. 
A)  seek out dissonance. 
B)  increase the number of dishonest deeds we do. 
C)  deny what we said. 
D)  stop thinking about what we said. 
E)  seek internal justifications.

Question 10

Do fear-arousing messages work? A social psychologist would probably say,"It depends." Describe what it depends on.

Accepted Answer

It depends on how much fear is aroused.I

Question 11

One way to reduce the effectiveness of product placement as a method of persuasion is

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that the products are already popular. 
B)  to show so many products that people will be too overwhelmed to change their attitudes. 
C)  to ensure that products are only placed in the periphery of the scene so they are less noticeable. 
D)  to warn people that an attempt at persuasion is coming. 
E)  to ensure that the products are part of the central action of the scene so that people are aware that this is an attempt to persuade them. 
A)  to ensure that the products are already popular. 
B)  to show so many products that people will be too overwhelmed to change their attitudes. 
C)  to ensure that products are only placed in the periphery of the scene so they are less noticeable. 
D)  to warn people that an attempt at persuasion is coming. 
E)  to ensure that the products are part of the central action of the scene so that people are aware that this is an attempt to persuade them.

Question 12

Richard LaPiere (1934)found a discrepancy between proprietors' reported attitudes towards accommodating Chinese and their willingness to provide services to a Chinese couple who accompanied him on his travels.According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour,the discrepancy between proprietors' attitudes and actual behaviours might have been reduced had LaPiere written and asked them,

Accepted Answer

A)  "Would you serve dinner to a Chinese couple accompanied by an American professor?" 
B)  "Would you say that you have a positive attitude toward Asian visitors to the United States?" 
C)  "How many Asian employees work at your establishment?" 
D)  "On a 1-to-5 scale, how do you feel about Chinese visitors to the United States?" 
E)  "Would you let members of the Chinese race eat at your restaurant?" 
A)  "Would you serve dinner to a Chinese couple accompanied by an American professor?" 
B)  "Would you say that you have a positive attitude toward Asian visitors to the United States?" 
C)  "How many Asian employees work at your establishment?" 
D)  "On a 1-to-5 scale, how do you feel about Chinese visitors to the United States?" 
E)  "Would you let members of the Chinese race eat at your restaurant?"

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I'd like to get rid of this car because it's always in the shop" represents an affectively based attitude. 
B)  "I hate all politicians because they represent pure evil" represents a cognitively based attitude. 
C)  "I guess I like junk food, because I'm always eating it" represents a behaviourally based attitude. 
D)  "I like country music because I always have it on in my car" represents an affectively based attitude. 
E)  "I like my toaster because you can toast four pieces of bread at one time" reflects a behaviourally based attitude. 
A)  "I'd like to get rid of this car because it's always in the shop" represents an affectively based attitude. 
B)  "I hate all politicians because they represent pure evil" represents a cognitively based attitude. 
C)  "I guess I like junk food, because I'm always eating it" represents a behaviourally based attitude. 
D)  "I like country music because I always have it on in my car" represents an affectively based attitude. 
E)  "I like my toaster because you can toast four pieces of bread at one time" reflects a behaviourally based attitude.

Question 14

Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviourally based attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception theory 
B)  cognitive dissonance theory 
C)  the elaboration likelihood model 
D)  the Yale Attitude Change approach 
E)  self-persuasion theory 
A)  self-perception theory 
B)  cognitive dissonance theory 
C)  the elaboration likelihood model 
D)  the Yale Attitude Change approach 
E)  self-persuasion theory

Question 15

Susan carefully rinses her mouth with an unpleasant-tasting mouthwash every day.One day,Susan reads an article reporting credible dental research that suggests that mouthwash is completely ineffective and that mouthwash may even be related to tooth decay.The discomfort that Susan experiences in response to this article is called

Accepted Answer

A)  self-deception. 
B)  insufficient justification. 
C)  self-justification. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
E)  self-discrepancy. 
A)  self-deception. 
B)  insufficient justification. 
C)  self-justification. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
E)  self-discrepancy.

Question 16

Politicians often preface their remarks with such statements as "I know that my opponent will try to tell you that I'm weak on crime." This strategy is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  use of the peripheral route to persuasion. 
B)  use of the central route to persuasion. 
C)  attitude inoculation. 
D)  low self-esteem. 
E)  fear-based persuasion. 
A)  use of the peripheral route to persuasion. 
B)  use of the central route to persuasion. 
C)  attitude inoculation. 
D)  low self-esteem. 
E)  fear-based persuasion.

Question 17

You want to have a talk with your younger sister about the dangers of drugs.You begin the discussion by saying,"Now,your friends are probably going to tell you that only people with problems to begin with get into trouble with drugs and that you're a chicken if you don't get high with them,but...." You have just used _______ to persuade her to avoid experimenting with drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)  a fear-based appeal 
B)  attitude accessibility 
C)  a peripheral route argument 
D)  a one-sided argument 
E)  attitude inoculation 
A)  a fear-based appeal 
B)  attitude accessibility 
C)  a peripheral route argument 
D)  a one-sided argument 
E)  attitude inoculation

Question 18

According to Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's (1980)theory of planned behaviour,the best predictor of people's behaviour is

Accepted Answer

A)  their assumption about how others will evaluate their behaviour. 
B)  their intention to behave in a certain way. 
C)  whether the behaviour is spontaneous or planned. 
D)  the social situation. 
E)  whether the behaviour has been performed in the past. 
A)  their assumption about how others will evaluate their behaviour. 
B)  their intention to behave in a certain way. 
C)  whether the behaviour is spontaneous or planned. 
D)  the social situation. 
E)  whether the behaviour has been performed in the past.

Question 19

It is estimated that one-third of the electorate knows almost nothing about specific politicians.Nonetheless,these people hold very strong opinions about them.This pattern of findings suggests that people's attitudes toward politicians may be largely

Accepted Answer

A)  affectively based. 
B)  behaviourally based. 
C)  cognitively based. 
D)  ambivalent. 
E)  undifferentiated. 
A)  affectively based. 
B)  behaviourally based. 
C)  cognitively based. 
D)  ambivalent. 
E)  undifferentiated.

Question 20

Although affectively based attitudes can be derived from a number of different sources,they are alike in that they tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  based on rational arguments. 
B)  based on rational examination of relevant information. 
C)  linked to deeply held values. 
D)  unrelated to past experience. 
E)  logically organized. 
A)  based on rational arguments. 
B)  based on rational examination of relevant information. 
C)  linked to deeply held values. 
D)  unrelated to past experience. 
E)  logically organized.

In all likelihood,attitudes toward _ are affectively based and stem from _.

Rachel recently tried sushi for the first time.Now,she finds herself eating it regularly.Since she eats it all the time,she decides that sushi must be her favourite meal.Rachel's attitude toward sushi is a(n)_______ attitude.

According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach,people who are and ___ are particularly open to being influenced by persuasive communication.

Which of the following people is using an internal justification to reduce dissonance?

After filing your ballot for an election,you are more convinced than you were before filing the ballot that you voted for the best candidate.This example illustrates the idea that when decisions are _______ individuals engage in a greater amount of dissonance reduction.

Sometimes people don't use condoms because they are too embarrassed to buy them at the drug store.According to the text,this is an example of the influence of

According to the authors,every time we make a decision,we experience some amount of dissonance.Why?

According to the tenets of dissonance theory,when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe,we will most likely

Do fear-arousing messages work? A social psychologist would probably say,"It depends." Describe what it depends on.

One way to reduce the effectiveness of product placement as a method of persuasion is

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviourally based attitudes?

Politicians often preface their remarks with such statements as "I know that my opponent will try to tell you that I'm weak on crime." This strategy is an example of

According to Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's (1980)theory of planned behaviour,the best predictor of people's behaviour is

It is estimated that one-third of the electorate knows almost nothing about specific politicians.Nonetheless,these people hold very strong opinions about them.This pattern of findings suggests that people's attitudes toward politicians may be largely

Although affectively based attitudes can be derived from a number of different sources,they are alike in that they tend to be

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change

In all likelihood,attitudes toward _______ are affectively based and stem from _______.

Rachel recently tried sushi for the first time.Now,she finds herself eating it regularly.Since she eats it all the time,she decides that sushi must be her favourite meal.Rachel's attitude toward sushi is a(n)_______ attitude.

According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach,people who are __________ and _____________ are particularly open to being influenced by persuasive communication.

Which of the following people is using an internal justification to reduce dissonance?

After filing your ballot for an election,you are more convinced than you were before filing the ballot that you voted for the best candidate.This example illustrates the idea that when decisions are _______ individuals engage in a greater amount of dissonance reduction.

Sometimes people don't use condoms because they are too embarrassed to buy them at the drug store.According to the text,this is an example of the influence of

According to the authors,every time we make a decision,we experience some amount of dissonance.Why?

According to the tenets of dissonance theory,when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe,we will most likely

Do fear-arousing messages work? A social psychologist would probably say,"It depends." Describe what it depends on.

One way to reduce the effectiveness of product placement as a method of persuasion is

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviourally based attitudes?

Politicians often preface their remarks with such statements as "I know that my opponent will try to tell you that I'm weak on crime." This strategy is an example of

According to Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's (1980)theory of planned behaviour,the best predictor of people's behaviour is

It is estimated that one-third of the electorate knows almost nothing about specific politicians.Nonetheless,these people hold very strong opinions about them.This pattern of findings suggests that people's attitudes toward politicians may be largely

Although affectively based attitudes can be derived from a number of different sources,they are alike in that they tend to be

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

In all likelihood,attitudes toward _ are affectively based and stem from _.

According to the Yale Attitude Change Approach,people who are and ___ are particularly open to being influenced by persuasive communication.