Question 1

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _______ and not _______ stress that causes problems for people.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; positive 
B)  physical; emotional 
C)  personal; social 
D)  subjective; objective 
E)  social; personal 
A)  negative; positive 
B)  physical; emotional 
C)  personal; social 
D)  subjective; objective 
E)  social; personal D

Question 2

What is self-efficacy and what is the relation between self-efficacy and health-related behaviours? Finally,why does self-efficacy contribute to successful behaviour change?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the perception that we have the ability to carry out the specific behaviours that are associated with desired health-related outcomes.A number of studies by Albert Bandura (1997)and Peter Salovey and his colleagues (1998)have revealed that people who are high in self-efficacy are more successful in quitting smoking,losing weight,lowering cholesterol,and exercising regularly.There are two ways that self-efficacy increases the likelihood that people will engage in healthier behaviour.First,high self-efficacy increases persistence and effort.Second,high self-efficacy is associated with lower anxiety and better immune function.In essence,high self-efficacy sets in motion a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 3

Unlike perceived control,self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

A)  is strongly related to positive health outcomes. 
B)  represents confidence in one's ability to perform specific behaviours to achieve a desired outcome. 
C)  can reduce feelings of learned helplessness. 
D)  does not have any impact on behaviour. 
E)  is more difficult to change. 
A)  is strongly related to positive health outcomes. 
B)  represents confidence in one's ability to perform specific behaviours to achieve a desired outcome. 
C)  can reduce feelings of learned helplessness. 
D)  does not have any impact on behaviour. 
E)  is more difficult to change. B

Question 4

_______ refers to people's belief that they can influence their environment and thus can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Perceived control 
C)  Social support 
D)  Self-efficacy 
E)  Self-delusion 
A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Perceived control 
C)  Social support 
D)  Self-efficacy 
E)  Self-delusion

Question 5

The amount of stress people experience

Accepted Answer

A)  affects physical health. 
B)  affects psychological health. 
C)  affects emotional well-being but does not impact physical health as long as you get enough exercise. 
D)  impacts physical health, but not necessarily emotional well-being. 
E)  affects physical and psychological health. 
A)  affects physical health. 
B)  affects psychological health. 
C)  affects emotional well-being but does not impact physical health as long as you get enough exercise. 
D)  impacts physical health, but not necessarily emotional well-being. 
E)  affects physical and psychological health.

Question 6

Based on longitudinal research conducted by James House and his colleagues (1982),which of the following people would be most likely to die over the next twelve years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gladys, a widow who volunteers to teach children to read 
B)  Jean, who cooks a large dinner for her family every Sunday 
C)  Selma, who babysits her grandchildren every week 
D)  Oscar, who lives alone and seldom has contact with others 
E)  Harry, who plays bridge every day at the senior citizens' center 
A)  Gladys, a widow who volunteers to teach children to read 
B)  Jean, who cooks a large dinner for her family every Sunday 
C)  Selma, who babysits her grandchildren every week 
D)  Oscar, who lives alone and seldom has contact with others 
E)  Harry, who plays bridge every day at the senior citizens' center

Question 7

What is the relationship between hardiness,discrimination,and stress as discovered by Dion and colleagues' (1992)research in Toronto's Chinese community?

Accepted Answer

A)  People high in hardiness experience less stress from discrimination. 
B)  People low in hardiness experience more stress even though they experience less discrimination. 
C)  People low in hardiness experience less stress from discrimination. 
D)  People high in hardiness experience more discrimination and therefore more stress. 
E)  People high in hardiness experience less discrimination and therefore less stress. 
A)  People high in hardiness experience less stress from discrimination. 
B)  People low in hardiness experience more stress even though they experience less discrimination. 
C)  People low in hardiness experience less stress from discrimination. 
D)  People high in hardiness experience more discrimination and therefore more stress. 
E)  People high in hardiness experience less discrimination and therefore less stress.

Question 8

In a study by Collins and Feeney (2004)participants' played a computer game in which their avatar navigated a perilous obstacle course on a cliff-sided canyon in a virtual world,either with or without the support of their romantic partner's avatar.Results showed that having an inattentive partner was ________ than having _______ partner in terms of stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  significantly better; an attentive 
B)  significantly better; no 
C)  not significantly better; no 
D)  no different; an attentive 
E)  significantly worse; no 
A)  significantly better; an attentive 
B)  significantly better; no 
C)  not significantly better; no 
D)  no different; an attentive 
E)  significantly worse; no

Question 9

If you are convinced that the cause of some stressful event will remain constant over time,you are making a(n)_______ attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  external 
B)  internal 
C)  stable 
D)  specific 
E)  global 
A)  external 
B)  internal 
C)  stable 
D)  specific 
E)  global

Question 10

_______ is a state of pessimism that results when people think their negative outcomes are due to stable,internal,and global factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  A maladaptive attribution 
B)  Dissonance 
C)  Low self-efficacy 
D)  Dejection 
E)  Learned helplessness 
A)  A maladaptive attribution 
B)  Dissonance 
C)  Low self-efficacy 
D)  Dejection 
E)  Learned helplessness

Question 11

In an experiment conducted by Mordechai Blittner,Joel Goldberg,and Michael Merbaum (1978),participants who _______ were most likely to successfully quit smoking.

Accepted Answer

A)  were told that they had "willpower" 
B)  were given concrete instructions 
C)  underwent a behavioural treatment program 
D)  underwent a longer treatment program 
E)  were taught to use stable and global attributions 
A)  were told that they had "willpower" 
B)  were given concrete instructions 
C)  underwent a behavioural treatment program 
D)  underwent a longer treatment program 
E)  were taught to use stable and global attributions

Question 12

Hans Selye (1956,1976)originally defined stress as

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptive or threatening life events. 
B)  physiological responses to threatening events. 
C)  perceptions of threat. 
D)  psychological responses to threatening events. 
E)  psychologically painful life events. 
A)  disruptive or threatening life events. 
B)  physiological responses to threatening events. 
C)  perceptions of threat. 
D)  psychological responses to threatening events. 
E)  psychologically painful life events.

Question 13

Which of the following is a "third variable" explanation for the correlation between life changes and physical health problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Problems with physical health cause an increase in anxiety, which in turn causes stress. 
B)  Life changes cause an increase in anxiety, which in turn increases the chances of problems with physical health. 
C)  Problems with physical health necessitate changes in lifestyle, which in turn increase stress. 
D)  People with certain personality traits are more likely to experience life changes and also more likely to have health problems. 
E)  Problems with physical health are not always associated with anxiety. 
A)  Problems with physical health cause an increase in anxiety, which in turn causes stress. 
B)  Life changes cause an increase in anxiety, which in turn increases the chances of problems with physical health. 
C)  Problems with physical health necessitate changes in lifestyle, which in turn increase stress. 
D)  People with certain personality traits are more likely to experience life changes and also more likely to have health problems. 
E)  Problems with physical health are not always associated with anxiety.

Question 14

According to research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (1984),_____ is likely to reduce stress related to a negative life event such as cancer and can actually prolong life.

Accepted Answer

A)  perceived control 
B)  subjective severity 
C)  an accurate attribution 
D)  objective severity 
E)  favorable attribution 
A)  perceived control 
B)  subjective severity 
C)  an accurate attribution 
D)  objective severity 
E)  favorable attribution

Question 15

People high in self-efficacy are more persistent and exert more effort at a task.They also experience less anxiety and their immune systems function better.These characteristics of self-efficacy contribute to successful goal attainment.In this sense,self-efficacy is most strongly related to

Accepted Answer

A)  positive illusions. 
B)  unstable attributions. 
C)  stable attributions. 
D)  global attributions. 
E)  the self-fulfilling prophecy 
A)  positive illusions. 
B)  unstable attributions. 
C)  stable attributions. 
D)  global attributions. 
E)  the self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 16

The authors of your text provide a "word of caution." It can be dangerous to overestimate the relation between perceived control and physical health,because

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists still do not understand the mechanisms that explain this relation. 
B)  when health problems improve, people lose a sense of perceived control. 
C)  currently all the evidence is correlational. 
D)  when people's health does not improve with treatment, they may blame themselves. 
E)  it is impossible to determine whether perceived control and health are causally related. 
A)  scientists still do not understand the mechanisms that explain this relation. 
B)  when health problems improve, people lose a sense of perceived control. 
C)  currently all the evidence is correlational. 
D)  when people's health does not improve with treatment, they may blame themselves. 
E)  it is impossible to determine whether perceived control and health are causally related.

Question 17

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are ________ likely to seek help from others because________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; they have been raised with interdependence as a core value. 
B)  not; because others anticipate their needs and provide that help without asking. 
C)  less.; it will disrupt the harmony of the group and open them up to criticism from others. 
D)  less; because being independent and 'standing on your own two feet' is a core value in their culture. 
E)  more; it helps to foster harmony in the family and emphasize their strong bond. 
A)  more; they have been raised with interdependence as a core value. 
B)  not; because others anticipate their needs and provide that help without asking. 
C)  less.; it will disrupt the harmony of the group and open them up to criticism from others. 
D)  less; because being independent and 'standing on your own two feet' is a core value in their culture. 
E)  more; it helps to foster harmony in the family and emphasize their strong bond.

Question 18

Shelley Taylor and her colleagues have argued that there are gender differences in coping with stress.According to their research women are more likely than men to

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to stress by either attacking the source of the stress or fleeing from it. 
B)  respond to stress with nurturant activities designed to protect oneself and create social networks. 
C)  isolate themselves when they become stressed. 
D)  suffer from mental illness as a result of stress and dysfunctional coping strategies. 
E)  suffer from physical illness as a result of stress and dysfunctional coping strategies. 
A)  respond to stress by either attacking the source of the stress or fleeing from it. 
B)  respond to stress with nurturant activities designed to protect oneself and create social networks. 
C)  isolate themselves when they become stressed. 
D)  suffer from mental illness as a result of stress and dysfunctional coping strategies. 
E)  suffer from physical illness as a result of stress and dysfunctional coping strategies.

Question 19

Pennebaker's research on the effects of "opening up" or confiding in others shows that those people who________ show the most improvements to their health.

Accepted Answer

A)  write the stories with the least amount of traumatic content 
B)  write the stories with the most traumatic content 
C)  write stories that start out incoherent but become more organized 
D)  write stories that focus on relationships 
E)  write stories that focus on other people 
A)  write the stories with the least amount of traumatic content 
B)  write the stories with the most traumatic content 
C)  write stories that start out incoherent but become more organized 
D)  write stories that focus on relationships 
E)  write stories that focus on other people

Question 20

Many public service announcements (e.g.stop smoking,practice safe sex,use seatbelts,apply sunscreen,etc.)appeal to people's ________ in order to get them to change their behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  fears 
B)  sense of empathy 
C)  hopes 
D)  tendency to conform 
E)  sense of accomplishment 
A)  fears 
B)  sense of empathy 
C)  hopes 
D)  tendency to conform 
E)  sense of accomplishment

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _ and not _ stress that causes problems for people.

What is self-efficacy and what is the relation between self-efficacy and health-related behaviours? Finally,why does self-efficacy contribute to successful behaviour change?

Unlike perceived control,self-efficacy

_______ refers to people's belief that they can influence their environment and thus can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes.

The amount of stress people experience

Based on longitudinal research conducted by James House and his colleagues (1982),which of the following people would be most likely to die over the next twelve years?

What is the relationship between hardiness,discrimination,and stress as discovered by Dion and colleagues' (1992)research in Toronto's Chinese community?

If you are convinced that the cause of some stressful event will remain constant over time,you are making a(n)_______ attribution.

_______ is a state of pessimism that results when people think their negative outcomes are due to stable,internal,and global factors.

In an experiment conducted by Mordechai Blittner,Joel Goldberg,and Michael Merbaum (1978),participants who _______ were most likely to successfully quit smoking.

Hans Selye (1956,1976)originally defined stress as

Which of the following is a "third variable" explanation for the correlation between life changes and physical health problems?

According to research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (1984),_____ is likely to reduce stress related to a negative life event such as cancer and can actually prolong life.

People high in self-efficacy are more persistent and exert more effort at a task.They also experience less anxiety and their immune systems function better.These characteristics of self-efficacy contribute to successful goal attainment.In this sense,self-efficacy is most strongly related to

The authors of your text provide a "word of caution." It can be dangerous to overestimate the relation between perceived control and physical health,because

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are likely to seek help from others because.

Shelley Taylor and her colleagues have argued that there are gender differences in coping with stress.According to their research women are more likely than men to

Pennebaker's research on the effects of "opening up" or confiding in others shows that those people who________ show the most improvements to their health.

Many public service announcements (e.g.stop smoking,practice safe sex,use seatbelts,apply sunscreen,etc.)appeal to people's ________ in order to get them to change their behaviours.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 14: Social Psychology in Action 2

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _______ and not _______ stress that causes problems for people.

What is self-efficacy and what is the relation between self-efficacy and health-related behaviours? Finally,why does self-efficacy contribute to successful behaviour change?

Unlike perceived control,self-efficacy

_______ refers to people's belief that they can influence their environment and thus can influence the odds of positive or negative outcomes.

The amount of stress people experience

Based on longitudinal research conducted by James House and his colleagues (1982),which of the following people would be most likely to die over the next twelve years?

What is the relationship between hardiness,discrimination,and stress as discovered by Dion and colleagues' (1992)research in Toronto's Chinese community?

If you are convinced that the cause of some stressful event will remain constant over time,you are making a(n)_______ attribution.

_______ is a state of pessimism that results when people think their negative outcomes are due to stable,internal,and global factors.

In an experiment conducted by Mordechai Blittner,Joel Goldberg,and Michael Merbaum (1978),participants who _______ were most likely to successfully quit smoking.

Hans Selye (1956,1976)originally defined stress as

Which of the following is a "third variable" explanation for the correlation between life changes and physical health problems?

According to research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (1984),_____ is likely to reduce stress related to a negative life event such as cancer and can actually prolong life.

People high in self-efficacy are more persistent and exert more effort at a task.They also experience less anxiety and their immune systems function better.These characteristics of self-efficacy contribute to successful goal attainment.In this sense,self-efficacy is most strongly related to

The authors of your text provide a "word of caution." It can be dangerous to overestimate the relation between perceived control and physical health,because

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are ________ likely to seek help from others because________.

Shelley Taylor and her colleagues have argued that there are gender differences in coping with stress.According to their research women are more likely than men to

Pennebaker's research on the effects of "opening up" or confiding in others shows that those people who________ show the most improvements to their health.

Many public service announcements (e.g.stop smoking,practice safe sex,use seatbelts,apply sunscreen,etc.)appeal to people's ________ in order to get them to change their behaviours.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

According to stress research pioneer Richard Lazarus (1966,1993),it is _ and not _ stress that causes problems for people.

Shelley Taylor found that those in East Asian collectivistic cultures are likely to seek help from others because.