Question 1

The function of cognitively based attitudes is

Accepted Answer

A)  choosing behaviour. 
B)  decision-making. 
C)  object appraisal. 
D)  the use of logic. 
E)  emotion-focused. 
A)  choosing behaviour. 
B)  decision-making. 
C)  object appraisal. 
D)  the use of logic. 
E)  emotion-focused.

Question 2

Imagine that you are listening to a political candidate.Which of the following scenarios would result in the most attitude change in the direction of the candidate's position?

Accepted Answer

A)  The arguments are strong, but you don't regard the candidate as expert in the area, which is also not particularly relevant to you. 
B)  You care deeply about the issue and the speaker is very attractive, but he presents a superficial argument. 
C)  The topic is not very important to you and you are captivated by the candidate's dazzling smile. 
D)  You find the candidate unattractive and the arguments are weak, but the topic is highly relevant to you. 
E)  The arguments are low in quality, but there are a lot of them, and the issue is one about which you care deeply. 
A)  The arguments are strong, but you don't regard the candidate as expert in the area, which is also not particularly relevant to you. 
B)  You care deeply about the issue and the speaker is very attractive, but he presents a superficial argument. 
C)  The topic is not very important to you and you are captivated by the candidate's dazzling smile. 
D)  You find the candidate unattractive and the arguments are weak, but the topic is highly relevant to you. 
E)  The arguments are low in quality, but there are a lot of them, and the issue is one about which you care deeply.

Question 3

Cognitively based attitude is to _______ as _______ attitude is to emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluation; value-based 
B)  appraising an object; affectively based 
C)  evaluation; behaviourally based 
D)  social values; affectively based 
E)  values; affectively based 
A)  evaluation; value-based 
B)  appraising an object; affectively based 
C)  evaluation; behaviourally based 
D)  social values; affectively based 
E)  values; affectively based

Question 4

Research in which participants' brains were scanned with MRIs while doing a dissonance-producing task showed that when people encounter dissonance the _________ areas of the brain decrease in activity,and when dissonance is resolved the __________ areas of the brain "light up."

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion; reasoning 
B)  reasoning; memory 
C)  memory; emotion 
D)  reasoning; emotion 
E)  memory; reasoning 
A)  emotion; reasoning 
B)  reasoning; memory 
C)  memory; emotion 
D)  reasoning; emotion 
E)  memory; reasoning

Question 5

Attitude inoculation is a way to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase resistance to attitude change. 
B)  make fear-arousing messages more persuasive. 
C)  ensure audience attention. 
D)  bring attitudes into line with values. 
E)  induce people to use heuristic processing. 
A)  increase resistance to attitude change. 
B)  make fear-arousing messages more persuasive. 
C)  ensure audience attention. 
D)  bring attitudes into line with values. 
E)  induce people to use heuristic processing.

Question 6

Your best friend Nina may or may not visit New York this weekend.According to Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's (1980)theory of planned behaviour,what information would be most useful in helping you predict whether Nina will actually travel to New York?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nina's past travel behaviour 
B)  Nina's intention to visit New York 
C)  Nina's intention to get away this weekend 
D)  Nina's attitude about traveling 
E)  Nina's attitude toward New York 
A)  Nina's past travel behaviour 
B)  Nina's intention to visit New York 
C)  Nina's intention to get away this weekend 
D)  Nina's attitude about traveling 
E)  Nina's attitude toward New York

Question 7

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid _______ modified their original attitudes because they had _______ for lying.

Accepted Answer

A)  $20; minimal external justification 
B)  $20; little internal justification 
C)  $20; an abundance of external justification 
D)  $1; little external justification 
E)  $1; little internal justification 
A)  $20; minimal external justification 
B)  $20; little internal justification 
C)  $20; an abundance of external justification 
D)  $1; little external justification 
E)  $1; little internal justification

Question 8

Howard Leventhal and his colleagues (1967)showed one group of smokers a film depicting the ravages of lung cancer,gave another group of smokers a pamphlet with instructions on how to quit smoking,and exposed a third group to both the film and the pamphlets.People in the last group reduced their smoking significantly more than people in the other two groups because

Accepted Answer

A)  they were relatively light smokers. 
B)  fear was aroused and they were provided with a means to reduce that fear. 
C)  prior to the study they reported more failed attempts to quit. 
D)  they were given more information on the health risks of smoking. 
E)  the combination increased their confidence in their ability to quit. 
A)  they were relatively light smokers. 
B)  fear was aroused and they were provided with a means to reduce that fear. 
C)  prior to the study they reported more failed attempts to quit. 
D)  they were given more information on the health risks of smoking. 
E)  the combination increased their confidence in their ability to quit.

Question 9

People who base their attitudes on careful analysis of the arguments rather than the characteristics of the person delivering the argument are

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to maintain the attitude over time, but less likely to behave consistently with this attitude. 
B)  more like to maintain the attitude over time and more likely to behave consistently with this attitude. 
C)  no more likely to maintain the attitude over time or behave consistently with this attitude. 
D)  likely to change their minds over time. 
E)  sensitive to counter-persuasion. 
A)  more likely to maintain the attitude over time, but less likely to behave consistently with this attitude. 
B)  more like to maintain the attitude over time and more likely to behave consistently with this attitude. 
C)  no more likely to maintain the attitude over time or behave consistently with this attitude. 
D)  likely to change their minds over time. 
E)  sensitive to counter-persuasion.

Question 10

When people don't attend carefully to the substance of a persuasive communication,but instead pay attention to irrelevant cues,they are using the _______ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  central 
B)  indirect 
C)  peripheral 
D)  direct 
E)  systematic 
A)  central 
B)  indirect 
C)  peripheral 
D)  direct 
E)  systematic

Question 11

Recall that in experiments conducted by Mike Leippe and Donna Eisenstadt (1994,1998),white college students agreed to write essays in favor of doubling funds for minority student scholarships,even though that policy would reduce funds available for majority students.What happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants who were initially prejudiced did not change their attitudes, but non-prejudiced participants did. 
B)  Participants convinced themselves that they supported the policy of expanding aid to minority students. 
C)  Participants changed their attitudes about the policy, but not about minority students. 
D)  Participants who were prejudiced refused to write the essays. 
E)  Participants showed increased prejudice towards minority students. 
A)  Participants who were initially prejudiced did not change their attitudes, but non-prejudiced participants did. 
B)  Participants convinced themselves that they supported the policy of expanding aid to minority students. 
C)  Participants changed their attitudes about the policy, but not about minority students. 
D)  Participants who were prejudiced refused to write the essays. 
E)  Participants showed increased prejudice towards minority students.

Question 12

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion,you are more likely to be influenced by the central route when you are

Accepted Answer

A)  impressed with the speaker's credentials and manner. 
B)  not invested in the topic at hand. 
C)  not interested in the topic at hand. 
D)  willing and able to give your full attention to the message. 
E)  preoccupied with other matters. 
A)  impressed with the speaker's credentials and manner. 
B)  not invested in the topic at hand. 
C)  not interested in the topic at hand. 
D)  willing and able to give your full attention to the message. 
E)  preoccupied with other matters.

Question 13

Based on information from the authors of your text about cognitive dissonance and immoral behaviour,which of the following people would be most likely to be lenient in judging those who have an extramarital affair?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sarah, who is not married 
B)  Jessie, who cheated on her husband long ago, but didn't get caught 
C)  Laura, who is faithful to her husband 
D)  Candy, who is engaged to be married but has had many boyfriends 
E)  Elinor, who is highly religious 
A)  Sarah, who is not married 
B)  Jessie, who cheated on her husband long ago, but didn't get caught 
C)  Laura, who is faithful to her husband 
D)  Candy, who is engaged to be married but has had many boyfriends 
E)  Elinor, who is highly religious

Question 14

Judson Mills (1958)had elementary school children compete for attractive prizes.The children could cheat to win the prizes,but they didn't know that the experimenter would be assured of detecting the cheaters.Some children cheated,and others did not.The next day,

Accepted Answer

A)  those who didn't cheat earlier became more lenient in their attitudes about cheating. 
B)  when they were offered a large inducement to cheat, most students cheated. 
C)  those who had cheated earlier became more lenient in their attitudes about cheating. 
D)  none of the students endorsed cheating as acceptable. 
E)  almost all of the students felt that cheating was acceptable in this situation. 
A)  those who didn't cheat earlier became more lenient in their attitudes about cheating. 
B)  when they were offered a large inducement to cheat, most students cheated. 
C)  those who had cheated earlier became more lenient in their attitudes about cheating. 
D)  none of the students endorsed cheating as acceptable. 
E)  almost all of the students felt that cheating was acceptable in this situation.

Question 15

In experiments conducted by Leippe and Eisenstadt (1994,1998),when white participants experienced dissonance after writing essays in favor of doubling scholarship funds for minority students,how did many of them relieve the dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  by showing support of racist organizations 
B)  by showing lower prejudicial attitudes 
C)  by later telling the experimenter they didn't really believe in what they'd written 
D)  by seeking to befriend and date minorities 
E)  by denying that they had ever written the essays 
A)  by showing support of racist organizations 
B)  by showing lower prejudicial attitudes 
C)  by later telling the experimenter they didn't really believe in what they'd written 
D)  by seeking to befriend and date minorities 
E)  by denying that they had ever written the essays

Question 16

Maria is on a limited budget and can only afford to download one album from iTunes.She really likes two in particular: one by Beyonce and one by Kanye West.When she listens to the Beyonce album she bought,she cannot imagine why she ever considered downloading Kanye West.This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  Beyonce music reminds Maria of her childhood 
B)  she really enjoys the Beyonce album 
C)  Maria has to justify buying an album, given her limited budget 
D)  Maria was motivated to reduce her post-decision dissonance 
E)  Maria wasn't sure about iTunes' return policy 
A)  Beyonce music reminds Maria of her childhood 
B)  she really enjoys the Beyonce album 
C)  Maria has to justify buying an album, given her limited budget 
D)  Maria was motivated to reduce her post-decision dissonance 
E)  Maria wasn't sure about iTunes' return policy

Question 17

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell another person that a boring,tedious task was really fun and interesting.The results of their experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  most people will not lie regardless of the reward. 
B)  minimal external justification can lead to attitude change. 
C)  people often refuse to say in public what they privately believe. 
D)  attitude-discrepant acts will only change internal attitudes when there is little or no external justification. 
E)  when people experience dissonance, they work to justify their effort. 
A)  most people will not lie regardless of the reward. 
B)  minimal external justification can lead to attitude change. 
C)  people often refuse to say in public what they privately believe. 
D)  attitude-discrepant acts will only change internal attitudes when there is little or no external justification. 
E)  when people experience dissonance, they work to justify their effort.

Question 18

Miguel recaptures the freedom of his youth when he test-drives the new Volkswagen "bug." He feels 25 years younger and remembers cruising the beaches of California in his old 1970 bug when he was in college.He decides to purchase that new VW model.Miguel's positive attitude toward the car is primarily driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  an affective component. 
B)  a behavioural component. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  a cognitive component. 
E)  classical conditioning. 
A)  an affective component. 
B)  a behavioural component. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  a cognitive component. 
E)  classical conditioning.

Question 19

Why are affectively based attitudes so resistant to logical persuasive attempts to change them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Affectively based attitudes are rooted in counterfactual thinking. 
B)  Affectively based attitudes are acquired by automatic processes. 
C)  Affectively based attitudes are the result of the same illogical source. 
D)  Affectively based attitudes are often linked to values, which are difficult to change. 
E)  Affectively based attitudes are governed by knowledge of the issues. 
A)  Affectively based attitudes are rooted in counterfactual thinking. 
B)  Affectively based attitudes are acquired by automatic processes. 
C)  Affectively based attitudes are the result of the same illogical source. 
D)  Affectively based attitudes are often linked to values, which are difficult to change. 
E)  Affectively based attitudes are governed by knowledge of the issues.

Question 20

When people have both the motivation and ability to attend to a persuasive communication,they are more likely to use the _______ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  relevant 
B)  direct 
C)  central 
D)  heuristic 
E)  peripheral 
A)  relevant 
B)  direct 
C)  central 
D)  heuristic 
E)  peripheral

The function of cognitively based attitudes is

Imagine that you are listening to a political candidate.Which of the following scenarios would result in the most attitude change in the direction of the candidate's position?

Cognitively based attitude is to _ as _ attitude is to emotion.

Research in which participants' brains were scanned with MRIs while doing a dissonance-producing task showed that when people encounter dissonance the _ areas of the brain decrease in activity,and when dissonance is resolved the __ areas of the brain "light up."

Attitude inoculation is a way to

Your best friend Nina may or may not visit New York this weekend.According to Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's (1980)theory of planned behaviour,what information would be most useful in helping you predict whether Nina will actually travel to New York?

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid _ modified their original attitudes because they had _ for lying.

People who base their attitudes on careful analysis of the arguments rather than the characteristics of the person delivering the argument are

When people don't attend carefully to the substance of a persuasive communication,but instead pay attention to irrelevant cues,they are using the _______ route to persuasion.

Recall that in experiments conducted by Mike Leippe and Donna Eisenstadt (1994,1998),white college students agreed to write essays in favor of doubling funds for minority student scholarships,even though that policy would reduce funds available for majority students.What happened?

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion,you are more likely to be influenced by the central route when you are

Based on information from the authors of your text about cognitive dissonance and immoral behaviour,which of the following people would be most likely to be lenient in judging those who have an extramarital affair?

Judson Mills (1958)had elementary school children compete for attractive prizes.The children could cheat to win the prizes,but they didn't know that the experimenter would be assured of detecting the cheaters.Some children cheated,and others did not.The next day,

In experiments conducted by Leippe and Eisenstadt (1994,1998),when white participants experienced dissonance after writing essays in favor of doubling scholarship funds for minority students,how did many of them relieve the dissonance?

Maria is on a limited budget and can only afford to download one album from iTunes.She really likes two in particular: one by Beyonce and one by Kanye West.When she listens to the Beyonce album she bought,she cannot imagine why she ever considered downloading Kanye West.This is because

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell another person that a boring,tedious task was really fun and interesting.The results of their experiment demonstrated that

Why are affectively based attitudes so resistant to logical persuasive attempts to change them?

When people have both the motivation and ability to attend to a persuasive communication,they are more likely to use the _______ route to persuasion.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change

The function of cognitively based attitudes is

Imagine that you are listening to a political candidate.Which of the following scenarios would result in the most attitude change in the direction of the candidate's position?

Cognitively based attitude is to _______ as _______ attitude is to emotion.

Research in which participants' brains were scanned with MRIs while doing a dissonance-producing task showed that when people encounter dissonance the _________ areas of the brain decrease in activity,and when dissonance is resolved the __________ areas of the brain "light up."

Attitude inoculation is a way to

Your best friend Nina may or may not visit New York this weekend.According to Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein's (1980)theory of planned behaviour,what information would be most useful in helping you predict whether Nina will actually travel to New York?

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid _______ modified their original attitudes because they had _______ for lying.

People who base their attitudes on careful analysis of the arguments rather than the characteristics of the person delivering the argument are

When people don't attend carefully to the substance of a persuasive communication,but instead pay attention to irrelevant cues,they are using the _______ route to persuasion.

Recall that in experiments conducted by Mike Leippe and Donna Eisenstadt (1994,1998),white college students agreed to write essays in favor of doubling funds for minority student scholarships,even though that policy would reduce funds available for majority students.What happened?

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion,you are more likely to be influenced by the central route when you are

Based on information from the authors of your text about cognitive dissonance and immoral behaviour,which of the following people would be most likely to be lenient in judging those who have an extramarital affair?

Judson Mills (1958)had elementary school children compete for attractive prizes.The children could cheat to win the prizes,but they didn't know that the experimenter would be assured of detecting the cheaters.Some children cheated,and others did not.The next day,

In experiments conducted by Leippe and Eisenstadt (1994,1998),when white participants experienced dissonance after writing essays in favor of doubling scholarship funds for minority students,how did many of them relieve the dissonance?

Maria is on a limited budget and can only afford to download one album from iTunes.She really likes two in particular: one by Beyonce and one by Kanye West.When she listens to the Beyonce album she bought,she cannot imagine why she ever considered downloading Kanye West.This is because

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell another person that a boring,tedious task was really fun and interesting.The results of their experiment demonstrated that

Why are affectively based attitudes so resistant to logical persuasive attempts to change them?

When people have both the motivation and ability to attend to a persuasive communication,they are more likely to use the _______ route to persuasion.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Cognitively based attitude is to _ as _ attitude is to emotion.

Research in which participants' brains were scanned with MRIs while doing a dissonance-producing task showed that when people encounter dissonance the _ areas of the brain decrease in activity,and when dissonance is resolved the __ areas of the brain "light up."

Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid _ modified their original attitudes because they had _ for lying.