Question 1

Longshore currents and sediment transport result from which situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incoming wave crests are perpendicular to the shoreline. 
B)  Incoming wave crests are slightly oblique to the shoreline. 
C)  Incoming wave crests are non- existent. 
D)  Incoming wave crests are parallel to the shoreline. 
A)  Incoming wave crests are perpendicular to the shoreline. 
B)  Incoming wave crests are slightly oblique to the shoreline. 
C)  Incoming wave crests are non- existent. 
D)  Incoming wave crests are parallel to the shoreline.

Question 2

___________not the direct result of prevailing longshore current action.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fracturing, shattering, and abrasion of rock at the base of a wave- cut cliff are 
B)  Transport of sand along the beach is 
C)  Building and extension of spits are 
D)  Closing off of small estuaries by baymouth bars is 
A)  Fracturing, shattering, and abrasion of rock at the base of a wave- cut cliff are 
B)  Transport of sand along the beach is 
C)  Building and extension of spits are 
D)  Closing off of small estuaries by baymouth bars is

Question 3

Swash and backwash describe_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  the onshore and offshore movement of water relative to the beach by turbulent surf 
B)  the oscillatory movement of water beneath a passing wave 
C)  the swirling action and sand movements produced when a shallow water wave impinges on an shallow offshore bar 
D)  the forward and backward water movements as storm waves reflect from a seawall or groin 
A)  the onshore and offshore movement of water relative to the beach by turbulent surf 
B)  the oscillatory movement of water beneath a passing wave 
C)  the swirling action and sand movements produced when a shallow water wave impinges on an shallow offshore bar 
D)  the forward and backward water movements as storm waves reflect from a seawall or groin

Question 4

How are spits and baymouth bars formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sand is transported by longshore currents and deposited where energy decreases. 
B)  A headland is eroded and the sand is deposited in an offshore basin. 
C)  Wave erosion cuts away both sides of a long sand bar, leaving a sand ridge aligned parallel to the shore. 
D)  Sand eroded from a wave- cut cliff is deposited around sea stacks and arches. 
A)  Sand is transported by longshore currents and deposited where energy decreases. 
B)  A headland is eroded and the sand is deposited in an offshore basin. 
C)  Wave erosion cuts away both sides of a long sand bar, leaving a sand ridge aligned parallel to the shore. 
D)  Sand eroded from a wave- cut cliff is deposited around sea stacks and arches.

Question 5

What current geologic processes ultimately doom any attempts to stabilize and preserve shorelines within a century or so?

Accepted Answer

A)  global plate motions and tectonic shifts 
B)  gradual sea level rise of 1- 2 mm/year related to global warming 
C)  loss of river discharge from dams and water use on most major rivers 
D)  increasing storm severity 
A)  global plate motions and tectonic shifts 
B)  gradual sea level rise of 1- 2 mm/year related to global warming 
C)  loss of river discharge from dams and water use on most major rivers 
D)  increasing storm severity

Question 6

The shorelines are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamic landscape features balanced between erosion and deposition, by wind and waves 
B)  principally molded by intermittent geologic cataclysms like earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions 
C)  ancient geologic oddities, shaped long ago by continent and ocean geometries 
D)  constant features determined only by sea level and elevation 
A)  dynamic landscape features balanced between erosion and deposition, by wind and waves 
B)  principally molded by intermittent geologic cataclysms like earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions 
C)  ancient geologic oddities, shaped long ago by continent and ocean geometries 
D)  constant features determined only by sea level and elevation

Question 7

The foreshore zone is _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  found in estuaries behind barrier islands 
B)  landward of stabilized dunes with permanent vegetation 
C)  where the swash and backwash dominate between the low- tide and high- tide zones 
D)  the stable part of the beach above the high- tide zone 
A)  found in estuaries behind barrier islands 
B)  landward of stabilized dunes with permanent vegetation 
C)  where the swash and backwash dominate between the low- tide and high- tide zones 
D)  the stable part of the beach above the high- tide zone

Question 8

Associated with gaps in a barrier island, a tidal delta is deposited ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  by major sand movements during neap tides 
B)  on the seaward side of a tidal inlet 
C)  on the estuarine side of a tidal inlet 
D)  in the water gap following stream piracy 
A)  by major sand movements during neap tides 
B)  on the seaward side of a tidal inlet 
C)  on the estuarine side of a tidal inlet 
D)  in the water gap following stream piracy

Question 9

____________are constructed parallel to the shoreline and designed to reflect wave energy out to sea.

Accepted Answer

A)  Seawalls and breakwaters 
B)  Tidal deltas 
C)  Barrier islands 
D)  Groins and jetties 
A)  Seawalls and breakwaters 
B)  Tidal deltas 
C)  Barrier islands 
D)  Groins and jetties

Question 10

How thick are the storm- deposited, swaley, cross- stratified sand deposits that tend to be preserved in the lower shoreface?

Accepted Answer

A)  20- 35 m 
B)  50- 125 m 
C)  <2 m 
D)  2- 15 m 
A)  20- 35 m 
B)  50- 125 m 
C)  <2 m 
D)  2- 15 m

Question 11

A(n)_________ current is a tidal current advancing into a shallow coastal zone, as it flows through a strait or inlet into a bay or estuary.

Accepted Answer

A)  ebb 
B)  flood 
C)  forward 
D)  spring 
A)  ebb 
B)  flood 
C)  forward 
D)  spring

Question 12

Which one of the following is an artificial (manmade) feature constructed parallel to the shore?

Accepted Answer

A)  sand spit 
B)  sea arch 
C)  breakwater 
D)  barrier island 
A)  sand spit 
B)  sea arch 
C)  breakwater 
D)  barrier island

Question 13

_________currents move sand and water parallel to the beach.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reflected 
B)  Longshore 
C)  Ebb tide 
D)  Translational 
A)  Reflected 
B)  Longshore 
C)  Ebb tide 
D)  Translational

Question 14

Water movement and sand transport parallel to the beach are fundamentally caused by__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  strong, offshore winds creating a pileup of water along the beach front 
B)  waves impinging obliquely onto a beach 
C)  a long fetch parallel to the beach 
D)  deep- water waves breaking offshore 
A)  strong, offshore winds creating a pileup of water along the beach front 
B)  waves impinging obliquely onto a beach 
C)  a long fetch parallel to the beach 
D)  deep- water waves breaking offshore

Question 15

___________directly generates the major surface currents in the world's oceans.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wind 
B)  Longshore drift 
C)  Seafloor spreading 
D)  Gravity of the Sun and Moon 
A)  Wind 
B)  Longshore drift 
C)  Seafloor spreading 
D)  Gravity of the Sun and Moon

Question 16

Where is the world's greatest tidal range?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Coast of Brittany in France 
B)  Belize in the tropics 
C)  Greenland's north coast 
D)  Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia 
A)  The Coast of Brittany in France 
B)  Belize in the tropics 
C)  Greenland's north coast 
D)  Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

Question 17

How much has global sea level risen in the past century from global warming and melting of ice caps?

Accepted Answer

A)  up to 25 cm 
B)  2.5 cm 
C)  25 m 
D)  2.5 m 
A)  up to 25 cm 
B)  2.5 cm 
C)  25 m 
D)  2.5 m

Question 18

A baymouth bar is_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  a sand deposit on the seaward side of a tidal inlet to a large estuary 
B)  a sand deposit extending from a headland partway across the entrance to a bay 
C)  a sand deposit on the estuary side of gap in a barrier island 
D)  a sand bar extending across the mouth blocking a former inlet to a bay or estuary 
A)  a sand deposit on the seaward side of a tidal inlet to a large estuary 
B)  a sand deposit extending from a headland partway across the entrance to a bay 
C)  a sand deposit on the estuary side of gap in a barrier island 
D)  a sand bar extending across the mouth blocking a former inlet to a bay or estuary

Question 19

Incoming waves slow down and rotate toward an orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  refluxing 
B)  reflection 
C)  relaxing 
D)  refraction 
A)  refluxing 
B)  reflection 
C)  relaxing 
D)  refraction

Question 20

A _______is a structure built parallel to the shoreline to dissipate much of the energy from incoming waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______is a structure built parallel to...

Longshore currents and sediment transport result from which situation?

___________not the direct result of prevailing longshore current action.

Swash and backwash describe_________ .

How are spits and baymouth bars formed?

What current geologic processes ultimately doom any attempts to stabilize and preserve shorelines within a century or so?

The shorelines are ________.

The foreshore zone is _________.

Associated with gaps in a barrier island, a tidal delta is deposited ________.

____________are constructed parallel to the shoreline and designed to reflect wave energy out to sea.

How thick are the storm- deposited, swaley, cross- stratified sand deposits that tend to be preserved in the lower shoreface?

A(n)_________ current is a tidal current advancing into a shallow coastal zone, as it flows through a strait or inlet into a bay or estuary.

Which one of the following is an artificial (manmade) feature constructed parallel to the shore?

_________currents move sand and water parallel to the beach.

Water movement and sand transport parallel to the beach are fundamentally caused by__________ .

___________directly generates the major surface currents in the world's oceans.

Where is the world's greatest tidal range?

How much has global sea level risen in the past century from global warming and melting of ice caps?

A baymouth bar is_________ .

Incoming waves slow down and rotate toward an orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as__________ .

A _______is a structure built parallel to the shoreline to dissipate much of the energy from incoming waves.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 11: The Ocean Floor

Longshore currents and sediment transport result from which situation?

___________not the direct result of prevailing longshore current action.

Swash and backwash describe_________ .

How are spits and baymouth bars formed?

What current geologic processes ultimately doom any attempts to stabilize and preserve shorelines within a century or so?

The shorelines are ________.

The foreshore zone is _________.

Associated with gaps in a barrier island, a tidal delta is deposited ________.

____________are constructed parallel to the shoreline and designed to reflect wave energy out to sea.

How thick are the storm- deposited, swaley, cross- stratified sand deposits that tend to be preserved in the lower shoreface?

A(n)_________ current is a tidal current advancing into a shallow coastal zone, as it flows through a strait or inlet into a bay or estuary.

Which one of the following is an artificial (manmade) feature constructed parallel to the shore?

_________currents move sand and water parallel to the beach.

Water movement and sand transport parallel to the beach are fundamentally caused by__________ .

___________directly generates the major surface currents in the world's oceans.

Where is the world's greatest tidal range?

How much has global sea level risen in the past century from global warming and melting of ice caps?

A baymouth bar is_________ .

Incoming waves slow down and rotate toward an orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as__________ .

A _______is a structure built parallel to the shoreline to dissipate much of the energy from incoming waves.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters