Question 1

The form of RNA that carries the code from DNA to the site of protein assembly is called

Accepted Answer

A) messenger RNA. 
B) nuclear RNA. 
C) ribosomal RNA. 
D) transfer RNA. 
E) structural RNA. 
A) messenger RNA. 
B) nuclear RNA. 
C) ribosomal RNA. 
D) transfer RNA. 
E) structural RNA.

Question 2

During the termination stage

Accepted Answer

A) a STOP codon enters the ribosome. 
B) release factors bind the ribosome. 
C) mRNA detaches from the ribosome and the polypeptide chain. 
D) ribosomal subunits separate. 
E) all of these occur. 
A) a STOP codon enters the ribosome. 
B) release factors bind the ribosome. 
C) mRNA detaches from the ribosome and the polypeptide chain. 
D) ribosomal subunits separate. 
E) all of these occur.

Question 3

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) hnRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) all of these 
A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) hnRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) all of these

Question 4

Each "word" in the mRNA language consists of how many letters?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) more than 5 
E) all of these 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) more than 5 
E) all of these

Question 5

The genetic code is made up of codons consisting of how many nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 9 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 9

Question 6

A polysome is

Accepted Answer

A) one of the units of a ribosome. 
B) the nuclear organelle that synthesizes RNA. 
C) an organelle that functions similarly to a ribosome during meiosis. 
D) the two units of a ribosome considered together. 
E) an mRNA molecule with several ribosomes attached. 
A) one of the units of a ribosome. 
B) the nuclear organelle that synthesizes RNA. 
C) an organelle that functions similarly to a ribosome during meiosis. 
D) the two units of a ribosome considered together. 
E) an mRNA molecule with several ribosomes attached.

Question 7

In transcription,

Accepted Answer

A) several amino acids are assembled by the messenger RNA molecules at one time. 
B) a special sequence called a promoter is necessary for transcription to begin. 
C) certain polypeptide sequences are governed by one ribosome, whereas other sequences are produced by multiple ribosomes. 
D) the transfer RNA molecules arrange the messenger RNA codons into the appropriate sequence. 
E) all of these occur. 
A) several amino acids are assembled by the messenger RNA molecules at one time. 
B) a special sequence called a promoter is necessary for transcription to begin. 
C) certain polypeptide sequences are governed by one ribosome, whereas other sequences are produced by multiple ribosomes. 
D) the transfer RNA molecules arrange the messenger RNA codons into the appropriate sequence. 
E) all of these occur.

Question 8

Which event may occur in all viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) duplication 
B) aneuploidy 
C) translocation 
D) mutation 
E) none of these 
A) duplication 
B) aneuploidy 
C) translocation 
D) mutation 
E) none of these

Question 9

The two steps of transcription followed by translation

Accepted Answer

A) explain the structural complexity of genes. 
B) describe the flow of information. 
C) are based upon the role of proteins in controlling life. 
D) do not explain how genes function. 
E) explain evolution in terms of molecular biology. 
A) explain the structural complexity of genes. 
B) describe the flow of information. 
C) are based upon the role of proteins in controlling life. 
D) do not explain how genes function. 
E) explain evolution in terms of molecular biology.

Question 10

Uracil will pair with

Accepted Answer

A) ribose. 
B) adenine. 
C) cytosine. 
D) thymine. 
E) guanine. 
A) ribose. 
B) adenine. 
C) cytosine. 
D) thymine. 
E) guanine.

Question 11

Ribosomal subunits

Accepted Answer

A) come together in threes to form functional units. 
B) are composed of mRNA and structural proteins. 
C) are synthesized in the cytoplasm. 
D) converge only when mRNA is to be translated. 
E) are transcribed from the complementary strand of DNA that is used for tRNA transcription. 
A) come together in threes to form functional units. 
B) are composed of mRNA and structural proteins. 
C) are synthesized in the cytoplasm. 
D) converge only when mRNA is to be translated. 
E) are transcribed from the complementary strand of DNA that is used for tRNA transcription.

Question 12

The maximum number of tRNAs that can be on one ribosome at one time is

Accepted Answer

A) 2. 
B) 3. 
C) 43. 
D) unlimited. 
E) unknown.   
A) 2. 
B) 3. 
C) 43. 
D) unlimited. 
E) unknown.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene mutations occur independently of each other. 
B) Gene mutations are relatively rare. 
C) Ionizing radiation causes chromosomal damage and free radical formation. 
D) Mutations are random; that is, it is impossible to predict exactly when a specific gene will mutate, but an expected frequency can be assigned. 
E) All of these are true. 
A) Gene mutations occur independently of each other. 
B) Gene mutations are relatively rare. 
C) Ionizing radiation causes chromosomal damage and free radical formation. 
D) Mutations are random; that is, it is impossible to predict exactly when a specific gene will mutate, but an expected frequency can be assigned. 
E) All of these are true.

Question 14

The insertion of how many nucleotides into a genetic sequence does less damage to the code than the insertion of other numbers of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 15

The relationship between strands of RNA and DNA is

Accepted Answer

A) antagonistic. 
B) opposite. 
C) complementary. 
D) an exact duplicate. 
E) unrelated. 
A) antagonistic. 
B) opposite. 
C) complementary. 
D) an exact duplicate. 
E) unrelated.

Question 16

A linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) codon. 
B) intron. 
C) messenger. 
D) gene. 
E) enzyme. 
A) codon. 
B) intron. 
C) messenger. 
D) gene. 
E) enzyme.

Question 17

Which event occurs during the elongation stage?

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide bonds form. 
B) Free amino acids bind to the mRNA binding site. 
C) Anticodons bind to complementary codons. 
D) A STOP codon enters the ribosome. 
E) Peptide bonds form, and anticodons bind to complementary codons. 
A) Peptide bonds form. 
B) Free amino acids bind to the mRNA binding site. 
C) Anticodons bind to complementary codons. 
D) A STOP codon enters the ribosome. 
E) Peptide bonds form, and anticodons bind to complementary codons.

Question 18

__________ molecules carry protein-assembly instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) Template DNA 
B) Messenger RNA 
C) Transfer RNA 
D) Ribosomal RNA 
E) All of these 
A) Template DNA 
B) Messenger RNA 
C) Transfer RNA 
D) Ribosomal RNA 
E) All of these

Question 19

In a mutation,

Accepted Answer

A) the new codon may specify a different amino acid but may not change the function of the new protein produced. 
B) the new codon may specify the same amino acid as the old codon. 
C) the new codon and resulting amino acid may destroy the function of the protein specified. 
D) the new codon may specify no amino acid. 
E) all of these may be true. 
A) the new codon may specify a different amino acid but may not change the function of the new protein produced. 
B) the new codon may specify the same amino acid as the old codon. 
C) the new codon and resulting amino acid may destroy the function of the protein specified. 
D) the new codon may specify no amino acid. 
E) all of these may be true.

Question 20

Which stage of translation is shown here?

Accepted Answer

A) initiation 
B) elongation 
C) termination 
D) peptide bond formation 
E) polysome activity 
A) initiation 
B) elongation 
C) termination 
D) peptide bond formation 
E) polysome activity

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein

The form of RNA that carries the code from DNA to the site of protein assembly is called

During the termination stage

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide?

Each "word" in the mRNA language consists of how many letters?

The genetic code is made up of codons consisting of how many nucleotides?

A polysome is

In transcription,

Which event may occur in all viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes?

The two steps of transcription followed by translation

Uracil will pair with

Ribosomal subunits

The maximum number of tRNAs that can be on one ribosome at one time is

Which of the following statements is true?

The insertion of how many nucleotides into a genetic sequence does less damage to the code than the insertion of other numbers of nucleotides?

The relationship between strands of RNA and DNA is

A linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called a(n)

Which event occurs during the elongation stage?

__________ molecules carry protein-assembly instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

In a mutation,

Which stage of translation is shown here?

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

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