Exam 3: Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700

The following questions refer to the passage below. "...Is there one person of understanding & reflection among you who will not admit that every consideration of justice,humanity,and safety,forbids that any more Negroes should be brought into your state,and yet it is well known that the avarice of your citizens,and the rage for acquiring that property has broke through all legal restrictions,...Trust not on your Eastern friends for aid,if you do not enforce righteous measures for your own safety;...Already they begin to resist that principle in the Constitution which admits the Negroes of the Southern States to increase the number of Representatives in the Congress of the United States." William Few,Letter to Georgia Governor Edward Telfair,1804 -The content of this letter reflects the conflict between

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights." Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012 -Because of the nature of the French Revolution,American conservatives

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms... What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution." Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786 -The political and economic ideas of the farmers described in this passage were most likely developed because of

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise. In your response you should do the following: •State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question. •Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents. •Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument. •Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view. •Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents. •Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes. •Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic. -Explain the development of political parties in the United States and compare the nation's first parties' views on the role of government in the period from 1788 to 1800. Document 1 Source: John Adams, reporting on his trip to Great Britain to John Jay, 1785 ...[I] address'd myself to his Majesty [George III] in the following words. Sir… I have the Honour to assure your Majesty of their Unanimous Disposition and desire, to cultivate the most friendly and liberal Intercourse between your Majesty's Subjects and their Citizens ... [the King replied] Sir… I was the last to consent to the separation; but the separation having been made, and having become inevitable, I have always said as I say now, that I would be the first to meet the Friendship of the United States as an independent Power. The moment I see such sentiments and Language as yours prevail, and a disposition to give this country the Preference, that moment I shall say let the Circumstances of Language, Religion and blood, have their natural and full Effect... Document 2 Source: Roger Sherman, letter to Massachusetts Governor Samuel Huntington, 1790 The assumption of the debts of the several states incurred for the common defense during the late war, is now under consideration. The Secretary of the Treasury [Hamilton] has been directed to report what funds can be provided for them in case they should be assumed. ...He supposed that sufficient provision may be made for the whole debt, without resorting to direct taxation, if so I think it must be an advantage to all the states, as well as to the creditors. Some have suggested that it will tend to increase the power of the federal government & lessen the importance of the state governments, but I don't see how it can operate in that manner, the constitutions are so framed that the government of the United States & those of the particular states are friendly, & not hostile, to each other, their jurisdictions being distinct, & respecting different objects, & both standing upon the broad basis of the people, will act for their benefit in their respective spheres without any interference. Document 3 Source: Thomas Jefferson, On the Constitutionality of the National Bank, 1791 …I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground: That “all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people.” [XIIth amendment.] To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress, is to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition. The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, have not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution. Document 4 Source: Thomas Jefferson, Letter to David Humphreys, 1791 Too little reliance is to be had on a steady and certain course of commerce with the countries of Europe to permit us to depend more on that than we cannot avoid. Our best interest would be to employ our principal labor in agriculture, because to the profits of labor, which is dear, this adds the profits of our lands, which are cheap. But the risk of hanging our prosperity on the fluctuating counsels and caprices of others renders it wise in us to turn seriously to manufactures, and if Europe will not let us carry our provisions to their manufactures, we must endeavor to bring their manufactures to our provision. Document 5 Source: Alexander Hamilton, Letter to George Washington, 1791 The powers contained in a constitution of government...ought to be construed liberally in advancement of the public good. This rule does not depend on the particular form of government...but on the nature and objects of government itself. The means by which national exigencies are to be provided for, national inconveniences obviated, and national prosperity promoted, are of such infinite variety...that there must of necessity be great latitude of discretion in the selection and application of those mans. Document 6 Source: Jeffersonian Republican Election Statement, 1796 Thomas Jefferson is a firm Republican,—John Adams is an avowed Monarchist....Thomas Jefferson first drew the declaration of American independence;—he first framed the sacred political sentence that all men are born equal. John Adams says this is all a false and a falsehood; that some men should be born Kings, and some should be born Nobles....Will you, by your votes, contribute to make the avowed friend of monarchy President?—or will you, by neglectfully staying at home, permit others to saddle you with Political Slavery?

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms... What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution." Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786 -This conflict described in this letter reveals the tension between

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "Whereas it is… essential to our Interest,and the Security of our Colonies,that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians ...who live under our Protection,should not be molested or disturbed ...--We do therefore,...declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure...for the use of the said Indians,[to be reserved] all the Lands and Territories ...lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers [along the Appalachian Mountains] which fall into the Sea....And We do hereby strictly forbid… all our loving Subjects from… taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved…" The Royal Proclamation,King George III,October 1763 -The Proclamation above sought to address British-Indian relations following the conclusion of

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights." Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012 -Which of the following best explains the impact of the character of the French Revolution,as described here,in the newly-formed United States?

The following questions refer to the passage below. "...Is there one person of understanding & reflection among you who will not admit that every consideration of justice,humanity,and safety,forbids that any more Negroes should be brought into your state,and yet it is well known that the avarice of your citizens,and the rage for acquiring that property has broke through all legal restrictions,...Trust not on your Eastern friends for aid,if you do not enforce righteous measures for your own safety;...Already they begin to resist that principle in the Constitution which admits the Negroes of the Southern States to increase the number of Representatives in the Congress of the United States." William Few,Letter to Georgia Governor Edward Telfair,1804 -Which of the following debates reveals the continuation of the conflict addressed in the letter above?

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "Behold you then,...establishing the liberties of your country...may heaven favor your cause,and make you the channel thro'which it may pour it's [sic] favors while you are exterminating the monster aristocracy,& pulling out the teeth & fangs...What are you doing for your colonies? They will be lost if not more effectually succoured.Indeed no future efforts you can make will ever be able to reduce the blacks... We as sincerely wish their restoration,and their connection with you,...satisfied that neither your justice nor their distresses will ever again permit their being forced to seek at dear & distant markets those first necessaries of life which they may have at cheaper markets placed by nature at their door,& formed by her for their support." Thomas Jefferson, letter to the Marquis de Lafayette in response to the French (and Haitian) Revolution, 1791 -Unlike the American Revolution,the French Revolution

The following questions are based on the map below. 2016 Cengage Learning Western Land Cessions to the United States,1782-1802 -The expansion of American influence into the territories ceded by the states led to

The following questions are based on the image below. The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource,NY Washington Crossing the Delaware,Emanuel Leutze,1851 -This painting commemorates a turning point in the Revolutionary War by emphasizing which of the following as a significant reason for the ultimate American victory?

"The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes,Duties,Imposts and Excises,to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States;but all Duties,Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States…[and] To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers,... This Constitution,and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof;...shall be the supreme Law of the Land;and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby,any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.... The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,nor prohibited by it to the States,are reserved to the States respectively,or to the people." The Constitution of the United States,including the Tenth Amendment,ratified 1791 Using the passages above,answer a,b,and c. a)Explain the controversy at the Constitutional Convention surrounding the writing of the passages above. b)Briefly describe ONE argument used by Americans who supported the ratification of the Constitution. c)Briefly describe ONE argument used by Americans who opposed the ratification of the Constitution.

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "As the frontier of white settlement expanded westward and Iroquois war parties followed the warrior path to the southeastern tribes,the two forces inevitably clashed...But [the English] wanted the confederacy tied to the British interest exclusively…[and accepted that in the short term] an accommodation [treaty] would prove cheaper than a war… That summer of 1760 witnessed a high watermark in Indian affairs. Canada passed into English hands;the ancient regime ceased to rule New France… English traders no longer had French rivals… The Six Nations and their tributaries had fallen from the position of balancing power between rival nations." William Nelson Fenton,The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy,1998 -Following the French withdrawal from North America,the Iroquois would find themselves

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights." Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012 -The character of the American Revolution and earliest American government,as described here,can most closely be attributed to

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "Behold you then,...establishing the liberties of your country...may heaven favor your cause,and make you the channel thro'which it may pour it's [sic] favors while you are exterminating the monster aristocracy,& pulling out the teeth & fangs...What are you doing for your colonies? They will be lost if not more effectually succoured.Indeed no future efforts you can make will ever be able to reduce the blacks... We as sincerely wish their restoration,and their connection with you,...satisfied that neither your justice nor their distresses will ever again permit their being forced to seek at dear & distant markets those first necessaries of life which they may have at cheaper markets placed by nature at their door,& formed by her for their support." Thomas Jefferson, letter to the Marquis de Lafayette in response to the French (and Haitian) Revolution, 1791 -Which of the following best characterizes the American government's reaction to the issues described in the passage?

The following questions are based on the image below. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZ62-44892] Molly Pitcher,i.e.Molly McCauley,loading cannon at the Battle of Monmouth,1778 -Works of art such as this one emphasized

Directions: In your response you should do the following: •State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question. •Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples. •Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question. •Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis. -To what extent had the United States developed a unified national political identity by 1800?

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "From decades of debate on the colonists' right to self-government,popular sovereignty had emerged as the basic principle of legitimate government. But how was this principle to be realized in practice? ...Whig social contract theory specified that sovereignty resided in the will of the majority of the participants in the contract,limited only by the individual member's right to life,liberty,and property. Applied to the colonies,the question was,who were the legitimate participants in the new polity based on contract?" Willi Paul Adams,The First American Constitutions,1980 -Which of the following would have argued most energetically in support of a limited definition of the legitimate participants in government?

The following questions are based on the excerpt below. "There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms... What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution." Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786 -The conflict described in the passage most nearly reflects similar debates during

The following questions are based on the map below. 2016 Cengage Learning Western Land Cessions to the United States,1782-1802 -Which of the following policies was adopted with the specific intention of incorporating these territories into the United States?