Exam 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1775

"We are not without judicial interpretation,therefore,both State and National,of the meaning of this clause.And it is sufficient to say that under no construction of that provision that we have ever seen,or any that we deem admissible,can the restraint imposed by the State of Louisiana upon the exercise of their trade by the butchers of New Orleans be held to be a deprivation of property within the meaning of that provision.Nor shall any State deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.In the light of the history of these amendments,and the pervading purpose of them,which we have already discussed,it is not difficult to give a meaning to this clause.The existence of laws in the States where the newly emancipated negroes resided,which discriminated with gross injustice and hardship against them as a class,was the evil to be remedied by this clause,and by it such laws are forbidden." Supreme Court Justice Miller,Decision of the Court in the Slaughter House Cases,April 14,1873 -Although the plaintiffs in this case were butchers in New Orleans,most African-Americans at this time were

"…But our Southern slavery has become a benign and protective institution,and our negroes are confessedly better off than any free laboring population in the world.How can we contend that white slavery is wrong,whilst all the great body of free laborers are starving;and slaves,white or black,throughout the world are enjoying comfort?..." George Fitzhugh,"The Blessings of Slavery",1857 "…And thus it is that they are cajoled into the notion that they are the freest,happiest,and most intelligent people in the world….Thus it is that the South,woefully inert and invention less,has lagged behind the North,and is now weltering in the cesspool of ignorance and degradation." Hinton Helper,The Impending Crisis of the South,1857 Using the excerpts above,answer parts a,b,and c. a)Briefly explain the main point in the first excerpt (Fitzhugh). b)Briefly explain the main point in the second excerpt (Helper). c)Provide ONE piece of evidence from the period 1848 to 1860 and explain how it supports the interpretation in either document.

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "This measure was certainly undignified.It does not become a Congress that has been battling with the colossal artillery of impeachment to descend to throwing mud. Such conduct is neither royal,republican,nor democratic;it is simply boys' play.It isn't worthwhile to say that the reduction of the President's clerical force was made in the virtuous interest of retrenchment,for the stupidest of us all know better than that.Its moving spring was an unworthy and an ungraceful little spite.They might as well have estimated the capabilities of the Chief Magistrate's kitchen force,and discharged a cook or two.There is not any wisdom in this kind of warfare.The people cannot applaud it.Everybody is willing to see a fair stand-up fight between the President and his Congressional master,but nobody is willing to see either of them descend to scratching and hair-pulling.These parties stand for the United States.They represent the American nation,and it is not a nation that fights in that way." Mark Twain,Chicago Republican,1868 -Which of the following events is Twain referring to in the excerpt?

The following questions refer to the cartoon below. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-DIG-ds-04504] "A Truce-Not a Compromise" by Thomas Nast,1877 -How was the issue depicted in the cartoon resolved?

The following questions refer to the poster below. Collection of the New-York Historical Society -What role would the Dred Scott decision have had on the rise of events like the one described here?

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "Unjust laws exist;shall we be content to obey them,or shall we endeavor to amend them,and obey them until we have succeeded,or shall we transgress them at once? Men generally,under such government as this,think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them.They think that,if they should resist,the remedy would be worse than the evil.But it is the fault of the government itself that the remedy is worse than the evil.It makes it worse...Why does it not cherish its wise majority? Why does it cry and resist before it is hurt? …" Henry David Thoreau,"Civil Disobedience," 1848 -Thoreau's beliefs,as expressed in the excerpt,would have the greatest impact on which of the following reformers?

The following questions refer to the poster below. Collection of the New-York Historical Society -Events like the one described in this headline revealed that

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "Let us now glance at a few of the popular objections to liberal divorce laws… To open the doors of escape to those who dwell in continual antagonism,to the unhappy wives of drunkards,libertines,knaves,lunatics,and tyrants,need not necessarily embitter the relations of those who are contented and happy,but on the contrary the very fact of freedom strengthens and purifies the bond of union.When husbands and wives…are bound together only by affection,marriage will be a life long friendship and not a heavy yoke,from which both may sometimes long for deliverance…" Elizabeth Cady Stanton,"Home Life",1875 -As depicted in the excerpt,by liberalizing divorce laws for women,

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "…It follows,from what has been stated,that it is a great and dangerous error to suppose that all people are equally entitled to liberty.It is a reward to be earned,not a blessing to be gratuitously lavished on all alike-a reward reserved for the intelligent,the patriotic,the virtuous and deserving,and not a boon to be bestowed on a people too ignorant,degraded and vicious to be capable either of appreciating or of enjoying it." John C.Calhoun,"A Disquisition on Government," 1849 -John C.Calhoun reveals here that many Southerners' based their arguments in favor of slavery on

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "I am not a Know Nothing.That is certain.How could I be? How can any one who abhors the oppression of negroes,be in favor of degrading classes of white people? Our progress in degeneracy appears to me to be pretty rapid.As a nation,we began declaring that "all men are created equal." We now practically read it "all men are created equal,except negroes." When the Know Nothings get control,it will read "all men are created equal except negroes,and foreigners,and catholics." When it comes to this I should prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretense of loving liberty-to Russia,for instance…" Abraham Lincoln,letter to Joshua Street,August 1855 -Which of the following is contrary to Lincoln's belief as expressed in the passage?

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "Let us now glance at a few of the popular objections to liberal divorce laws… To open the doors of escape to those who dwell in continual antagonism,to the unhappy wives of drunkards,libertines,knaves,lunatics,and tyrants,need not necessarily embitter the relations of those who are contented and happy,but on the contrary the very fact of freedom strengthens and purifies the bond of union.When husbands and wives…are bound together only by affection,marriage will be a life long friendship and not a heavy yoke,from which both may sometimes long for deliverance…" Elizabeth Cady Stanton,"Home Life",1875 -Which of the following is correct according to Stanton?

The following questions refer to the image below. Buyenlarge/Getty Images -Which of the following groups was most directly affected by the development depicted above?

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "I am not a Know Nothing.That is certain.How could I be? How can any one who abhors the oppression of negroes,be in favor of degrading classes of white people? Our progress in degeneracy appears to me to be pretty rapid.As a nation,we began declaring that "all men are created equal." We now practically read it "all men are created equal,except negroes." When the Know Nothings get control,it will read "all men are created equal except negroes,and foreigners,and catholics." When it comes to this I should prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretense of loving liberty-to Russia,for instance…" Abraham Lincoln,letter to Joshua Street,August 1855 -Which of the following most accurately describes the Know-Nothings of whom Lincoln speaks?

The following questions refer to the poster below. Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division -Which of the following groups was most likely to respond to this poster's call to arms?

"This infamous decision of the Slaveholding wing of the Supreme Court maintains that slaves are within the contemplation of the Constitution of the United States,property...The Constitution,as well as the Declaration of Independence,and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic,give us a platform broad enough to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country." Frederick Douglass,May 1857 -The arguments presented here by Frederick Douglass were echoed by which of the following groups in the same era?

The following questions refer to the image below. Buyenlarge/Getty Images -What was the effect of U.S.legislation on the developments depicted above?

The following questions refer to the image below. Buyenlarge/Getty Images -The developments depicted above came about as a result of

The following questions refer to the excerpt below. "Unjust laws exist;shall we be content to obey them,or shall we endeavor to amend them,and obey them until we have succeeded,or shall we transgress them at once? Men generally,under such government as this,think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them.They think that,if they should resist,the remedy would be worse than the evil.But it is the fault of the government itself that the remedy is worse than the evil.It makes it worse...Why does it not cherish its wise majority? Why does it cry and resist before it is hurt? …" Henry David Thoreau,"Civil Disobedience," 1848 -Henry David Thoreau's ideology as expressed here could best have been used to justify the actions of

The following questions refer to the cartoon below. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-DIG-ds-04504] "A Truce-Not a Compromise" by Thomas Nast,1877 -To which of the following events does the cartoon refer?

The following questions refer to the cartoon below. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-DIG-ds-04504] "A Truce-Not a Compromise" by Thomas Nast,1877 -Although Reconstruction was coming to an end,as depicted here,which of the following could be counted among the successes of Reconstruction?