Question 1

A child peered through the window.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some children peered through the window, and some children did not peer through the window. 
B)  Some children are people who peered through the window. 
C)  All children are people who peered through the window. 
D)  Some children are not people who peered through the window. 
E)  Some people identical to a child are people who peered through the window. 
A)  Some children peered through the window, and some children did not peer through the window. 
B)  Some children are people who peered through the window. 
C)  All children are people who peered through the window. 
D)  Some children are not people who peered through the window. 
E)  Some people identical to a child are people who peered through the window.

Question 2

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (F) 
E)  Contradictory. (T) 
A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (F) 
E)  Contradictory. (T)

Question 3

No headless horsemen are keen sighted riders. Therefore, no keen sighted riders are headless horsemen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 4

In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Universal. 
A)  Some. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Universal.

Question 5

Some A are B. (T) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are A. (T) 
B)  Some non-B are non-A. (T) 
C)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are not B. (Und.) 
A)  Some B are A. (T) 
B)  Some non-B are non-A. (T) 
C)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are not B. (Und.)

Question 6

Some gold watches are retirement gifts. Therefore, it is false that no gold watches are retirement gifts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, Illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, Illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 7

In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation/relation to be performed on that statement.  You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-Some A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
B)  Some A are not B. (F) 
C)  Some A are B. (F) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  Some B are non-A. (Und.) 
A)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
B)  Some A are not B. (F) 
C)  Some A are B. (F) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  Some B are non-A. (Und.)

Question 8

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantifier is:

Accepted Answer

A)  All. 
B)  Negative. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Are. 
E)  Affirmative. 
A)  All. 
B)  Negative. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Are. 
E)  Affirmative.

Question 9

Some B are non-A. (F) All B are non-A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Subalternation. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

Question 10

In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.  You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new statement.  Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradiction. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (F) 
A)  Contradiction. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (F)

Question 11

All non-A are B. (T) Contraposition

Accepted Answer

A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-B are A. (T) 
C)  All A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
E)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-B are A. (T) 
C)  All A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
E)  All A are non-B. (Und.)

Question 12

Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are B. (F) 
B)  Some non-A are not B. (F) 
C)  Some A are not B. (Und.) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F) 
A)  No non-A are B. (F) 
B)  Some non-A are not B. (F) 
C)  Some A are not B. (Und.) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F)

Question 13

Given the categorical proposition "All termites are unwelcome pests." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No termites are unwelcome pests. 
B)  All termites are not welcome pests. 
C)  No termites are welcome pests. 
D)  All termites are not unwelcome pests. 
E)  Some termites are unwelcome pests. 
A)  No termites are unwelcome pests. 
B)  All termites are not welcome pests. 
C)  No termites are welcome pests. 
D)  All termites are not unwelcome pests. 
E)  Some termites are unwelcome pests.

Question 14

A Chevrolet is not a Ford.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some Chevrolets are not Fords. 
B)  All Chevrolets are things that are not identical to a Ford. 
C)  No things identical to a Chevrolet are things identical to a Ford. 
D)  All Chevrolets are not Fords. 
E)  No Chevrolets are Fords. 
A)  Some Chevrolets are not Fords. 
B)  All Chevrolets are things that are not identical to a Ford. 
C)  No things identical to a Chevrolet are things identical to a Ford. 
D)  All Chevrolets are not Fords. 
E)  No Chevrolets are Fords.

Question 15

The categorical proposition "No employers who pay subsistence level wages are facilitators of a healthy society":

Accepted Answer

A)  O-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  I-type. 
D)  E-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  O-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  I-type. 
D)  E-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 16

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some nerve cells are not susceptible of being regenerated. 
B)  Not all incumbents are candidates who will be reelected. 
C)  No recessions are times of economic expansion. 
D)  Some allergic reactions last several hours. 
E)  All surfers are opposed to coastal pollution. 
A)  Some nerve cells are not susceptible of being regenerated. 
B)  Not all incumbents are candidates who will be reelected. 
C)  No recessions are times of economic expansion. 
D)  Some allergic reactions last several hours. 
E)  All surfers are opposed to coastal pollution.

Question 17

All the musicians except the violinists are practicing.

Accepted Answer

A)  All violinists are musicians who are practicing and no non-violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
B)  Some violinists are practicing and some violinists are not practicing. 
C)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
D)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing and all musicians who are not violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
E)  All non-violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
A)  All violinists are musicians who are practicing and no non-violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
B)  Some violinists are practicing and some violinists are not practicing. 
C)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
D)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing and all musicians who are not violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
E)  All non-violinists are musicians who are practicing.

Question 18

All S are P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1.

Question 19

Given the categorical proposition "All biologists are scientists." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some scientists are not biologists. 
B)  Some biologists are not scientists. 
C)  No biologists are scientists. 
D)  Some biologists are scientists. 
E)  All biologists are not scientists. 
A)  Some scientists are not biologists. 
B)  Some biologists are not scientists. 
C)  No biologists are scientists. 
D)  Some biologists are scientists. 
E)  All biologists are not scientists.

Question 20

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  Some A are non-B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (T) 
A)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  Some A are non-B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (T)

A child peered through the window.

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

No headless horsemen are keen sighted riders. Therefore, no keen sighted riders are headless horsemen.

In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quantity is:

Some A are B. (T) Obversion

Some gold watches are retirement gifts. Therefore, it is false that no gold watches are retirement gifts.

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantifier is:

Some B are non-A. (F) All B are non-A.

All non-A are B. (T) Contraposition

Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory

Given the categorical proposition "All termites are unwelcome pests." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

A Chevrolet is not a Ford.

The categorical proposition "No employers who pay subsistence level wages are facilitators of a healthy society":

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

All the musicians except the violinists are practicing.

All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Given the categorical proposition "All biologists are scientists." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

A child peered through the window.

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

No headless horsemen are keen sighted riders. Therefore, no keen sighted riders are headless horsemen.

In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quantity is:

Some A are B. (T) Obversion

Some gold watches are retirement gifts. Therefore, it is false that no gold watches are retirement gifts.

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantifier is:

Some B are non-A. (F) All B are non-A.

All non-A are B. (T) Contraposition

Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory

Given the categorical proposition "All termites are unwelcome pests." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

A Chevrolet is not a Ford.

The categorical proposition "No employers who pay subsistence level wages are facilitators of a healthy society":

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

All the musicians except the violinists are practicing.

All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Given the categorical proposition "All biologists are scientists." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters