Question 1

Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contradictory. (T) 
E)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contradictory. (T) 
E)  Subalternation. (Und.)

Question 2

All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradiction. (F) 
B)  Contraposition. (T) 
C)  Subalternation. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contradiction. (F) 
B)  Contraposition. (T) 
C)  Subalternation. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.)

Question 3

Birds are not mammals.

Accepted Answer

A)  All birds are not mammals. 
B)  Some mammals are not birds. 
C)  No non-mammals are birds. 
D)  No things identical to birds are things identical to mammals. 
E)  No birds are mammals. 
A)  All birds are not mammals. 
B)  Some mammals are not birds. 
C)  No non-mammals are birds. 
D)  No things identical to birds are things identical to mammals. 
E)  No birds are mammals.

Question 4

In the categorical proposition "Some art works that are not inflammatory are suitable pieces for large museums":

Accepted Answer

A)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
A)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed.

Question 5

It is false that some sailboats are steamships. Therefore, some sailboats are not steamships.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 6

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (Und.)

Question 7

Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition

Accepted Answer

A)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are B. (F) 
C)  Some non-B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.) 
A)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are B. (F) 
C)  Some non-B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.)

Question 8

Some important writers are not unpopular figures. Therefore, some popular figures are not unimportant writers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy.

Question 9

Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are not non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-B are not A. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some non-B are not A. (Und.) 
A)  Some B are not non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-B are not A. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some non-B are not A. (Und.)

Question 10

No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 11

All non-A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are non-B. (Und) 
B)  All non-B are non-A. (F) 
C)  All B are A. (F) 
D)  No Non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-B are non-A. (Und.) 
A)  No non-A are non-B. (Und) 
B)  All non-B are non-A. (F) 
C)  All B are A. (F) 
D)  No Non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-B are non-A. (Und.)

Question 12

Some non-A are B. (F) Contradiction

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are B. (T) 
B)  All non-A are not B. (F) 
C)  Some non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (F) 
A)  No non-A are B. (T) 
B)  All non-A are not B. (F) 
C)  Some non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (F)

Question 13

Given the categorical proposition "Some clowns are unhappy people." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some clowns are not unhappy people. 
B)  All clowns are unhappy people. 
C)  Some clowns are happy people. 
D)  All clowns are happy people.. 
E)  Some clowns are happy people.. 
A)  Some clowns are not unhappy people. 
B)  All clowns are unhappy people. 
C)  Some clowns are happy people. 
D)  All clowns are happy people.. 
E)  Some clowns are happy people..

Question 14

No A are B. (T) All A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Obversion. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (F) 
D)  Conversion. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Obversion. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (F) 
D)  Conversion. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 15

Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy.

Question 16

All advertisements are attempts to deceive. Therefore, it is false that no advertisements are attempts to deceive.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 17

Given the categorical proposition "Some actors are not shy performers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some actors are shy performers. 
B)  No actors are shy performers. 
C)  All actors are shy performers. 
D)  All actors are not shy performers. 
E)  Some actors are not shy performers. 
A)  Some actors are shy performers. 
B)  No actors are shy performers. 
C)  All actors are shy performers. 
D)  All actors are not shy performers. 
E)  Some actors are not shy performers.

Question 18

Some non-A are B. (F) Some B are non-A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Subcontrary. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Question 19

Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are not B. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  Some non-A are not B. (F) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  No non-A are B. (F) 
A)  Some A are not B. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  Some non-A are not B. (F) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  No non-A are B. (F)

Question 20

Some fantasy films are enjoyable pastimes. Therefore, some fantasy films are not unenjoyable pastimes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non-B.

All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Birds are not mammals.

In the categorical proposition "Some art works that are not inflammatory are suitable pieces for large museums":

It is false that some sailboats are steamships. Therefore, some sailboats are not steamships.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition

Some important writers are not unpopular figures. Therefore, some popular figures are not unimportant writers.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion

No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.

All non-A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Some non-A are B. (F) Contradiction

Given the categorical proposition "Some clowns are unhappy people." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

No A are B. (T) All A are B.

Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.

All advertisements are attempts to deceive. Therefore, it is false that no advertisements are attempts to deceive.

Given the categorical proposition "Some actors are not shy performers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some non-A are B. (F) Some B are non-A.

Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory

Some fantasy films are enjoyable pastimes. Therefore, some fantasy films are not unenjoyable pastimes.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non-B.

All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Birds are not mammals.

In the categorical proposition "Some art works that are not inflammatory are suitable pieces for large museums":

It is false that some sailboats are steamships. Therefore, some sailboats are not steamships.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition

Some important writers are not unpopular figures. Therefore, some popular figures are not unimportant writers.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion

No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.

All non-A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Some non-A are B. (F) Contradiction

Given the categorical proposition "Some clowns are unhappy people." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

No A are B. (T) All A are B.

Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.

All advertisements are attempts to deceive. Therefore, it is false that no advertisements are attempts to deceive.

Given the categorical proposition "Some actors are not shy performers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some non-A are B. (F) Some B are non-A.

Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory

Some fantasy films are enjoyable pastimes. Therefore, some fantasy films are not unenjoyable pastimes.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters