Question 1

Immunological memory accounts for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the human body's ability to distinguish self from non-self 
B)  the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause more severe disease than others 
C)  the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines 
D)  the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased 
A)  the human body's ability to distinguish self from non-self 
B)  the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause more severe disease than others 
C)  the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines 
D)  the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased

Question 2

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys cancerous cells by punching holes in plasma membranes and triggering apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  toll-like proteins 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  cytotoxic T cells 
A)  toll-like proteins 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  cytotoxic T cells

Question 3

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her major histocompatibility (MH
C)  proteins may not be a match 
B)  a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change 
C)  for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles 
D)  Jane's MHC class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow 
A)  even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her major histocompatibility (MH
C)  proteins may not be a match 
B)  a blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change 
C)  for each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles 
D)  Jane's MHC class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow

Question 4

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  a condition in which B and T cells trigger anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen 
B)  a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen 
C)  a condition in which self molecules are treated as nonself (loss of self-tolerance) 
D)  a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by a specific antigen 
A)  a condition in which B and T cells trigger anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen 
B)  a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen 
C)  a condition in which self molecules are treated as nonself (loss of self-tolerance) 
D)  a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by a specific antigen

Question 5

Which of the following proteins can be classified as immunoglobulins?
I.T cell receptors
II.B cell receptors
III.Antigens

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  both II and III 
D)  both I and II 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  both II and III 
D)  both I and II

Question 6

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface antigens of the pathogen stay the same 
B)  all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified 
C)  the pathogen has only one epitope 
D)  the major histocompatibility (MH
C)  molecules are heterozygous 
A)  the surface antigens of the pathogen stay the same 
B)  all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified 
C)  the pathogen has only one epitope 
D)  the major histocompatibility (MH
C)  molecules are heterozygous

Question 7

Lymphocytes mature in the ________.
I.spleen
II.thymus
III.bone marrow

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only I and II 
C)  only II and III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only I and II 
C)  only II and III 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 8

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large quantities of the antigen initially recognized 
B)  vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors 
C)  long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen 
D)  short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen 
A)  large quantities of the antigen initially recognized 
B)  vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors 
C)  long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen 
D)  short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Question 9

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell contact antigen → helper T cell is activated → clonal selection occurs 
B)  body cell becomes infected with a virus → new viral proteins appear → class I MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed on cell surface 
C)  complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D)  cytotoxic T cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis 
A)  B cell contact antigen → helper T cell is activated → clonal selection occurs 
B)  body cell becomes infected with a virus → new viral proteins appear → class I MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed on cell surface 
C)  complement is secreted → B cell contacts antigen → helper T cell activated → cytokines released 
D)  cytotoxic T cells → class II MHC molecule-antigen complex displayed → cytokines released → cell lysis

Question 10

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases 
B)  the flu can generate anaphylactic shock 
C)  surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to nonresponsiveness the second year 
D)  rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells 
A)  of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases 
B)  the flu can generate anaphylactic shock 
C)  surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to nonresponsiveness the second year 
D)  rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells

Question 11

The cells and signaling molecules involved in the initial stages of the inflammatory response are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytes and cytokines 
B)  dendritic cells and interferons 
C)  mast cells and histamines 
D)  lymphocytes and interferons 
A)  phagocytes and cytokines 
B)  dendritic cells and interferons 
C)  mast cells and histamines 
D)  lymphocytes and interferons

Question 12

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement protein 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  major histocompatibility complex proteins 
A)  complement protein 
B)  macrophages 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  major histocompatibility complex proteins

Question 13

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct?
I.B cell receptors bind to epitopes.
II.T cell receptors bind to epitopes.
III.There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen.
IV.There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV

Question 14

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to circulating viral antigens 
B)  lyse tumor cells 
C)  stimulate a cytotoxic T cell 
D)  interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex 
A)  respond to circulating viral antigens 
B)  lyse tumor cells 
C)  stimulate a cytotoxic T cell 
D)  interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex

Question 15

Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggering an adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins 
B)  infecting cells that produce very few MHC molecules 
C)  producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses 
D)  infecting and killing helper T cells 
A)  having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins 
B)  infecting cells that produce very few MHC molecules 
C)  producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses 
D)  infecting and killing helper T cells

Question 16

A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a vaccine 
B)  sterile pollen 
C)  antihistamines 
D)  monoclonal antibodies 
A)  a vaccine 
B)  sterile pollen 
C)  antihistamines 
D)  monoclonal antibodies

Question 17

A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lack innate immunity 
B)  be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors 
C)  be unable to differentiate and mature T cells 
D)  have a reduced number of B cells and be unable to form antibodies 
A)  lack innate immunity 
B)  be unable to genetically rearrange antigen receptors 
C)  be unable to differentiate and mature T cells 
D)  have a reduced number of B cells and be unable to form antibodies

Question 18

Innate immunity ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens 
B)  depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen 
C)  is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen 
D)  is found only in vertebrates 
A)  is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens 
B)  depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen 
C)  is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen 
D)  is found only in vertebrates

Question 19

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Accepted Answer

A)  duplication of specific gene sequences for the appropriate antibody 
B)  increased rough endoplasmic reticulum for greater antibody production 
C)  duplication of lysosomes in order to store the antibodies before transport 
D)  increased antigen presentation on the surface of the plasma cells 
A)  duplication of specific gene sequences for the appropriate antibody 
B)  increased rough endoplasmic reticulum for greater antibody production 
C)  duplication of lysosomes in order to store the antibodies before transport 
D)  increased antigen presentation on the surface of the plasma cells

Question 20

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of MHC molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive 
A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of MHC molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive

Exam 43: The Immune System

Immunological memory accounts for ________.

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys cancerous cells by punching holes in plasma membranes and triggering apoptosis?

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin, Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because ________.

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

Which of the following proteins can be classified as immunoglobulins? I.T cell receptors II.B cell receptors III.Antigens

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that ________.

Lymphocytes mature in the ________. I.spleen II.thymus III.bone marrow

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________.

Select the pathway that would lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because ________.

The cells and signaling molecules involved in the initial stages of the inflammatory response are ________.

Which of the following components of the immune system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the wall of the bacteria?

Which of the following statements about epitopes are correct? I.B cell receptors bind to epitopes. II.T cell receptors bind to epitopes. III.There can be 10 or more different epitopes on each antigen. IV.There is a one-to-one correspondence between antigen and epitope.

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to ________.

Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggering an adaptive immune response?

A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with ________.

A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely ________.

Innate immunity ________.

In a humoral or antibody-mediated immune response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. What would be an important feature added to the plasma cells during this transition process that allows them to better perform their function?

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

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Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

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An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

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Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

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