Question 1

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. What will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the plant is green, it is epiphytic; if not, then it is parasitic. 
B)  The root of an epiphytic plant will be in the soil, but a parasitic plant will grow from the trunk of a tree. 
C)  The roots of a parasitic plant will penetrate under the bark into the tree xylem, and the roots of epiphytic plant will not. 
D)  The epiphytic plant will have large water collecting leaves, and the parasitic plant will not. 
A)  If the plant is green, it is epiphytic; if not, then it is parasitic. 
B)  The root of an epiphytic plant will be in the soil, but a parasitic plant will grow from the trunk of a tree. 
C)  The roots of a parasitic plant will penetrate under the bark into the tree xylem, and the roots of epiphytic plant will not. 
D)  The epiphytic plant will have large water collecting leaves, and the parasitic plant will not. C

Question 2

Soil leaching can cause nutrient deficiencies in the soil. Which of the following are symptoms of nutrient deficiency in plants?
I.chlorosis
II.death of meristems
III.excess storage of chlorophyll
IV.small internodes

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III 
B)  II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II, and IV 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  I, II, and III 
B)  II, III, and IV 
C)  I, II, and IV 
D)  I, II, III, and IV C

Question 3

Soil pH is an important factor that influences ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cation exchange 
B)  the chemical form of minerals 
C)  availability of minerals 
D)  cation exchange and the chemical form of minerals 
A)  cation exchange 
B)  the chemical form of minerals 
C)  availability of minerals 
D)  cation exchange and the chemical form of minerals D

Question 4

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  most of them are mobile in the plant 
B)  most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes 
C)  they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the plant 
D)  only the most actively growing regions of the plants require micronutrients 
A)  most of them are mobile in the plant 
B)  most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes 
C)  they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the plant 
D)  only the most actively growing regions of the plants require micronutrients

Question 5

We would expect the greatest difference in plant health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, in an environment ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant 
B)  that has soil with poor drainage 
C)  in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients 
D)  that is near a body of water, such as a pond or river 
A)  where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant 
B)  that has soil with poor drainage 
C)  in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients 
D)  that is near a body of water, such as a pond or river

Question 6

Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigation include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  soil salinization. 
B)  overfertilization. 
C)  land subsidence. 
D)  aquifer depletion. 
A)  soil salinization. 
B)  overfertilization. 
C)  land subsidence. 
D)  aquifer depletion.

Question 7

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  amino acids 
D)  cellulose 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  amino acids 
D)  cellulose

Question 8

There are several properties that are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant humus 
B)  numerous soil organisms 
C)  compacted soil 
D)  high cation exchange capacity 
A)  abundant humus 
B)  numerous soil organisms 
C)  compacted soil 
D)  high cation exchange capacity

Question 9

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more developed 
B)  less developed 
C)  about the same 
D)  absent 
A)  more developed 
B)  less developed 
C)  about the same 
D)  absent

Question 10

Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular weight of the element or compound 
B)  the quantities of each required by plants 
C)  how they are used in metabolism 
D)  whether or not they are essential for plant growth 
A)  molecular weight of the element or compound 
B)  the quantities of each required by plants 
C)  how they are used in metabolism 
D)  whether or not they are essential for plant growth

Question 11

Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were yellowish (less green) compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The best explanation is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll. 
B)  the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots. 
C)  the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll. 
D)  the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis. 
A)  the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll. 
B)  the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots. 
C)  the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll. 
D)  the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following experiments is the best way to determine if an element is essential for plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measure the amount of the element stored in plant tissues. 
B)  Measure the amount of the element in the soil after plant growth. 
C)  Measure the weight of the plant and soil before and after plant growth. 
D)  Grow a plant using hydroponics with and without the element. 
A)  Measure the amount of the element stored in plant tissues. 
B)  Measure the amount of the element in the soil after plant growth. 
C)  Measure the weight of the plant and soil before and after plant growth. 
D)  Grow a plant using hydroponics with and without the element.

Question 13

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if

Accepted Answer

A)  the mineral is a micronutrient. 
B)  the mineral is very mobile within the plant. 
C)  the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis. 
D)  the mineral is a macronutrient. 
A)  the mineral is a micronutrient. 
B)  the mineral is very mobile within the plant. 
C)  the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis. 
D)  the mineral is a macronutrient.

Question 14

Nitrogen fixation is a process that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials 
B)  converts ammonia to ammonium 
C)  releases nitrate from the rock substrate 
D)  converts nitrogen gas into ammonia 
A)  recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials 
B)  converts ammonia to ammonium 
C)  releases nitrate from the rock substrate 
D)  converts nitrogen gas into ammonia

Question 15

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into different compounds of nitrogen such as:
(a) ammonium ion, (b) ammonia, (c) nitrate ion, and (d) nitrite ion. Which of the following is the correct sequence of formation of the nitrogen compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  a, b, c, and d 
B)  b, a, d, and c 
C)  b, a, c, and d 
D)  a, b, d, and c 
A)  a, b, c, and d 
B)  b, a, d, and c 
C)  b, a, c, and d 
D)  a, b, d, and c

Question 16

Epiphytes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
C)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
D)  plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi 
A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
C)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
D)  plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi

Question 17

Epiphytes are

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi that attack plants. 
B)  fungi that form mutualistic associations with roots. 
C)  nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants. 
D)  plants that grow on other plants. 
A)  fungi that attack plants. 
B)  fungi that form mutualistic associations with roots. 
C)  nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants. 
D)  plants that grow on other plants.

Question 18

Soil erosion could be controlled by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  planting rows of trees as windbreaks 
B)  no-till agriculture 
C)  terrace hillside crops 
D)  all of the above 
A)  planting rows of trees as windbreaks 
B)  no-till agriculture 
C)  terrace hillside crops 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus 
B)  each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host 
C)  each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume 
D)  specific recognition between the chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species 
A)  each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus 
B)  each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host 
C)  each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume 
D)  specific recognition between the chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species

Question 20

A major function of magnesium in plants is to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate in C₄ and CAM plants 
B)  a component of DNA and RNA 
C)  a component of chlorophyll 
D)  active in amino acid formation 
A)  required to regenerate phosphoenolpyruvate in C₄ and CAM plants 
B)  a component of DNA and RNA 
C)  a component of chlorophyll 
D)  active in amino acid formation

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. What will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic?

Soil leaching can cause nutrient deficiencies in the soil. Which of the following are symptoms of nutrient deficiency in plants? I.chlorosis II.death of meristems III.excess storage of chlorophyll IV.small internodes

Soil pH is an important factor that influences ________.

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because ________.

We would expect the greatest difference in plant health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, in an environment ________.

Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigation include all of the following except

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

There are several properties that are characteristic of a soil in which typical plants would grow well. Of the following, which would be the least conducive to plant growth?

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be ________.

Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?

Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were yellowish (less green) compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The best explanation is that

Which of the following experiments is the best way to determine if an element is essential for plant growth?

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if

Nitrogen fixation is a process that ________.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into different compounds of nitrogen such as: (a) ammonium ion, (b) ammonia, (c) nitrate ion, and (d) nitrite ion. Which of the following is the correct sequence of formation of the nitrogen compounds?

Epiphytes are ________.

Epiphytes are

Soil erosion could be controlled by ________.

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on ________.

A major function of magnesium in plants is to be ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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