Exam 33: An Introduction to Invertebrates

Molecular studies have changed many of the phylogenetic relationships previously identified by morphological studies. These changes indicate that ________.

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?

The sharp, inch-long thorns of the crown-of-thorns sea star are its spines. These spines, unlike those of most other sea stars, contain a potent toxin. If it were discovered that crown-of-thorns sea stars do not make this toxin themselves, then the most likely alternative would be that this toxin is ________.

In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?

Large animals need specialized organs for gas exchange because ________.

As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class Asteroidea. Which of the following characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm?

Which of the following is most likely to be aquatic?

Compared to insects with incomplete metamorphosis, insects with complete metamorphosis ________.

You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?

Toilets are a modern convenience that people often take for granted. In fact, they are helpful in preventing spread of disease because ________.

Molecular studies have changed many of the phylogenetic relationships previously identified by morphological studies. An example of such a change is ________.

Arthropod exoskeletons and mollusc shells both ________.

While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n) ________.

Which of the following statements about bryozoans (ectoprocts) is correct?

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.

Use the following information to answer the question. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plumules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to that of ________.

Use the following information to answer the question. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plumules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. The claws on the foremost trunk segment of centipedes have a function most similar to that of ________.

Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?

The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on the flesh of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea stars, then what actually provides nutrition to the sea star, and which chemical (besides the toxin within their nematocysts) do the corals rely on for protection?

The increase in plant species diversity allowed which of the following events?