Question 1

Jenner's successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus was due to the fact that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system responds nonspecifically to antigens 
B)  the cowpox virus made antibodies in response to the presence of smallpox 
C)  there are some epitopes (antigenic determinants) common to both pox viruses 
D)  cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same virus 
A)  the immune system responds nonspecifically to antigens 
B)  the cowpox virus made antibodies in response to the presence of smallpox 
C)  there are some epitopes (antigenic determinants) common to both pox viruses 
D)  cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same virus

Question 2

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides 
A)  enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides

Question 3

You and a friend were in line for a movie when you noticed the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you were equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your friend had antibodies to that virus. 
B)  You had an immunological memory of that virus. 
C)  Your friend had an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  Your friend had allergies. 
A)  Your friend had antibodies to that virus. 
B)  You had an immunological memory of that virus. 
C)  Your friend had an autoimmune disorder. 
D)  Your friend had allergies.

Question 4

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by ________.
I.the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes
II.antibody-mediated opsonization of microbes
III.the release of cytokines by activated B cells

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and II 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and III 
D)  I, II, and, III 
A)  only I and II 
B)  only II and III 
C)  only I and III 
D)  I, II, and, III

Question 5

Which of the following are similarities between B cells and T cells?
I.They both recognize antigen using immunoglobulin receptors.
II.Both B cells and T cells undergo clonal selection after encountering an antigen.
III.B cells and T cells both maintain an immunological memory of previously encountered antigens.

Accepted Answer

A)  only III 
B)  only II 
C)  both II and III 
D)  both I and II 
A)  only III 
B)  only II 
C)  both II and III 
D)  both I and II

Question 6

T cells of the immune system include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4, CD8, and plasma cells 
B)  cytotoxic and helper cells 
C)  plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells 
D)  lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
A)  CD4, CD8, and plasma cells 
B)  cytotoxic and helper cells 
C)  plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells 
D)  lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 7

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one C region and one V region 
B)  one H region and one L region 
C)  three H regions and one L region 
D)  two C regions and two V regions 
A)  one C region and one V region 
B)  one H region and one L region 
C)  three H regions and one L region 
D)  two C regions and two V regions

Question 8

What type of immunity is associated with breast feeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity 
B)  active immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  cell-mediated immunity 
A)  innate immunity 
B)  active immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  cell-mediated immunity

Question 9

An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tail 
B)  the heavy-chain constant regions only 
C)  variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D)  the light-chain constant regions only 
A)  the tail 
B)  the heavy-chain constant regions only 
C)  variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D)  the light-chain constant regions only

Question 10

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  injection of vaccine 
B)  ingestion of interferon 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes 
A)  injection of vaccine 
B)  ingestion of interferon 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes

Question 11

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  certain bacterial infections 
B)  specific forms of viruses 
C)  the presence of natural killer cells 
D)  increased production of neutrophils 
A)  certain bacterial infections 
B)  specific forms of viruses 
C)  the presence of natural killer cells 
D)  increased production of neutrophils

Question 12

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  memory cells 
B)  presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface 
C)  activation of complement proteins 
D)  phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by macrophages in the blood 
A)  memory cells 
B)  presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface 
C)  activation of complement proteins 
D)  phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by macrophages in the blood

Question 13

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital) whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS but rarely in those not infected by HIV 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives 
A)  influenza, a particular strain of which returns every 10-20 years 
B)  herpes simplex viruses (oral or genital) whose reproduction is triggered by physiological or emotional stress in the host 
C)  Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes a skin cancer in people with AIDS but rarely in those not infected by HIV 
D)  the virus that causes a form of the common cold, which recurs in patients many times in their lives

Question 14

A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. What response is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammatory response 
B)  lytic response 
C)  adaptive immune response 
D)  autoimmune response 
A)  inflammatory response 
B)  lytic response 
C)  adaptive immune response 
D)  autoimmune response

Question 15

Which of the following would help a virus avoid triggering an effective adaptive immune response?
I.having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins
II.building the viral shell from host proteins
III.producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses
IV.infecting and killing helper T cells

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only I, II, and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only I, II, and IV 
C)  only I, II, and III 
D)  only II, III, and IV

Question 16

Within a differentiated B cell, the rearrangement of DNA sequences between variable regions and joining regions is accomplished by a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  telomerase 
D)  recombinase 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  telomerase 
D)  recombinase

Question 17

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin 
B)  injection of antibodies to the toxin 
C)  injection of interleukin-1 
D)  injection of interferon 
A)  vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin 
B)  injection of antibodies to the toxin 
C)  injection of interleukin-1 
D)  injection of interferon

Question 18

Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include ________.
I.neutrophils
II.macrophages
III.dendritic cells
IV.natural killer cells

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III 
B)  II and IV 
C)  I and IV 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  I and III 
B)  II and IV 
C)  I and IV 
D)  I, II, and III

Question 19

A patient who has a high level of mast cell activity, dilation of blood vessels, and acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an autoimmune disease 
B)  a typical skin allergy (contact dermatitis) that can be treated by antihistamines 
C)  an organ transplant, such as a skin graft 
D)  anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen 
A)  an autoimmune disease 
B)  a typical skin allergy (contact dermatitis) that can be treated by antihistamines 
C)  an organ transplant, such as a skin graft 
D)  anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen

Question 20

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  An antigen fragment is presented within class I MHC to the T cell receptor. 
B)  Interferon proteins stick to the surface of infected cells. 
C)  T cells recognize antibodies that have bound to viral particles. 
D)  The virus is engulfed by T cells using Toll-like receptors. 
A)  An antigen fragment is presented within class I MHC to the T cell receptor. 
B)  Interferon proteins stick to the surface of infected cells. 
C)  T cells recognize antibodies that have bound to viral particles. 
D)  The virus is engulfed by T cells using Toll-like receptors.

Exam 43: The Immune System

Jenner's successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus was due to the fact that ________.

Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by ________. I.the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes II.antibody-mediated opsonization of microbes III.the release of cytokines by activated B cells

T cells of the immune system include ________.

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of any class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of ________.

What type of immunity is associated with breast feeding?

An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the ________.

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to ________.

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response?

The ability of some viruses to remain inactive (latent) for a period of time is exemplified by ________.

A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. What response is occurring?

Within a differentiated B cell, the rearrangement of DNA sequences between variable regions and joining regions is accomplished by a(n)________.

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from ________.

Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include ________. I.neutrophils II.macrophages III.dendritic cells IV.natural killer cells

A patient who has a high level of mast cell activity, dilation of blood vessels, and acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from ________.

How is a viral antigen, like EBV, recognized by T cells?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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