Question 1

In plant roots, the Casparian strip ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aids in the uptake of nutrients 
B)  provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex 
C)  ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts 
D)  ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele 
A)  aids in the uptake of nutrients 
B)  provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex 
C)  ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts 
D)  ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele

Question 2

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B)  increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C)  putting the plant in drier soil 
D)  decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
A)  subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B)  increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C)  putting the plant in drier soil 
D)  decreasing the relative humidity around the plant

Question 3

The physical property that predicts the direction of water flow is referred as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium pump 
B)  water potential 
C)  osmotic potential 
D)  sodium pump 
A)  potassium pump 
B)  water potential 
C)  osmotic potential 
D)  sodium pump

Question 4

Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because

Accepted Answer

A)  the chlorophyll in wilting leaves is degraded. 
B)  accumulation of CO₂ in the leaf inhibits enzymes. 
C)  stomata close, preventing CO₂ from entering the leaf. 
D)  photolysis, the water-splitting step of photosynthesis, cannot occur when there is a water deficiency. 
A)  the chlorophyll in wilting leaves is degraded. 
B)  accumulation of CO₂ in the leaf inhibits enzymes. 
C)  stomata close, preventing CO₂ from entering the leaf. 
D)  photolysis, the water-splitting step of photosynthesis, cannot occur when there is a water deficiency.

Question 5

What is the advantage of having small, needlelike leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased transpiration rate 
B)  decreased transpiration rate 
C)  increased efficiency of light capture 
D)  decreased efficiency of light capture 
A)  increased transpiration rate 
B)  decreased transpiration rate 
C)  increased efficiency of light capture 
D)  decreased efficiency of light capture

Question 6

Phloem sap can flow ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  from leaves to shoots only 
B)  from shoots to leaves only 
C)  from sites of sugar production to storage units only 
D)  both ways between production and storage sites 
A)  from leaves to shoots only 
B)  from shoots to leaves only 
C)  from sites of sugar production to storage units only 
D)  both ways between production and storage sites

Question 7

Which of the following primarily enters a plant somewhere other than through the roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  potassium 
D)  water 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  potassium 
D)  water

Question 8

Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence against root pressure being the principal mechanism of water transport in the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not all soils have high concentrations of ions. 
B)  Root pressure requires movement of water into the xylem from surrounding cells in the roots. 
C)  Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity. 
D)  There is no water potential gradient between roots and shoots. 
A)  Not all soils have high concentrations of ions. 
B)  Root pressure requires movement of water into the xylem from surrounding cells in the roots. 
C)  Over long distances, the force of root pressure is not enough to overcome the force of gravity. 
D)  There is no water potential gradient between roots and shoots.

Question 9

The symplastic route can transport ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars, mRNA, and mitochondria 
B)  mRNA, mitochondria, and proteins 
C)  mitochondria, mRNA, and viruses 
D)  viruses, sugars, and mRNA 
A)  sugars, mRNA, and mitochondria 
B)  mRNA, mitochondria, and proteins 
C)  mitochondria, mRNA, and viruses 
D)  viruses, sugars, and mRNA

Question 10

The opening of stomata is thought to involve ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells 
B)  active transport of water out of the guard cells 
C)  decreased turgor pressure in guard cells 
D)  movement of K⁺ from the guard cells 
A)  an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells 
B)  active transport of water out of the guard cells 
C)  decreased turgor pressure in guard cells 
D)  movement of K⁺ from the guard cells

Question 11

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  mitochondria 
A)  macromolecules 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  mitochondria

Question 12

Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the chlorophyll in wilting leaves is degraded 
B)  flaccid mesophyll cells are incapable of photosynthesis 
C)  stomata close, preventing carbon dioxide from entering the leaf 
D)  accumulation of carbon dioxide in the leaf inhibits enzymes 
A)  the chlorophyll in wilting leaves is degraded 
B)  flaccid mesophyll cells are incapable of photosynthesis 
C)  stomata close, preventing carbon dioxide from entering the leaf 
D)  accumulation of carbon dioxide in the leaf inhibits enzymes

Question 13

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic 
B)  water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water 
C)  the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water 
D)  sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport 
A)  sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic 
B)  water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water 
C)  the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water 
D)  sucrose has been transported out of the sieve tube by active transport

Question 14

Which one of the following does not correctly match the form with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stem-water and minerals are transported upward 
B)  xylem sap-transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots upward 
C)  transpiration-loss of water mostly through stomata 
D)  cork cambium-increase in stem thickness 
A)  stem-water and minerals are transported upward 
B)  xylem sap-transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots upward 
C)  transpiration-loss of water mostly through stomata 
D)  cork cambium-increase in stem thickness

Question 15

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  a difference in solute concentrations 
B)  receptor proteins in the membrane 
C)  aquaporins 
D)  a difference in water potential 
A)  a difference in solute concentrations 
B)  receptor proteins in the membrane 
C)  aquaporins 
D)  a difference in water potential

Question 16

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed. 
A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed.

Question 17

Which of the following contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?
I.root hairs
II.endodermis
III.mycorrhizae
IV.fibrous arrangement of the roots

Accepted Answer

A)  II and III 
B)  I, III, and IV 
C)  I, II, and IV 
D)  I, II, III, and IV 
A)  II and III 
B)  I, III, and IV 
C)  I, II, and IV 
D)  I, II, III, and IV

Question 18

Plants do not have a circulatory system like that of some animals. If a water molecule in a plant did "circulate" (that is, go from one point in a plant to another and back in the same day), it would require the activity of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only the xylem 
B)  only the phloem 
C)  only the endodermis 
D)  both the xylem and the phloem 
A)  only the xylem 
B)  only the phloem 
C)  only the endodermis 
D)  both the xylem and the phloem

Question 19

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex 
A)  mesophyll cells of the leaf 
B)  xylem vessels in leaves 
C)  xylem vessels in roots 
D)  cells of the root cortex

Question 20

Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem.
1) Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2) Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3) Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4) Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5) Sugar moves down the stem.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
C)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
C)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Exam 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

In plant roots, the Casparian strip ________.

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

The physical property that predicts the direction of water flow is referred as ________.

Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because

What is the advantage of having small, needlelike leaves?

Phloem sap can flow ________.

Which of the following primarily enters a plant somewhere other than through the roots?

Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence against root pressure being the principal mechanism of water transport in the xylem?

The symplastic route can transport ________.

The opening of stomata is thought to involve ________.

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for ________.

Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because ________.

Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because ________.

Which one of the following does not correctly match the form with its function?

Which of the following would be least likely to affect osmosis in plants?

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?

Which of the following contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system? I.root hairs II.endodermis III.mycorrhizae IV.fibrous arrangement of the roots

Plants do not have a circulatory system like that of some animals. If a water molecule in a plant did "circulate" (that is, go from one point in a plant to another and back in the same day), it would require the activity of ________.

Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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