Question 1

Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells through the cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A)  desmosomes 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  tight junctions 
A)  desmosomes 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  tight junctions

Question 2

A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based just on this information, the organism is most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonmotile prokaryote 
B)  a motile bacterium 
C)  a motile archaea 
D)  a nonmotile eukaryote 
E)  a motile eukaryote 
A)  a nonmotile prokaryote 
B)  a motile bacterium 
C)  a motile archaea 
D)  a nonmotile eukaryote 
E)  a motile eukaryote

Question 3

Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  mRNA 
D)  phospholipids 
A)  DNA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  mRNA 
D)  phospholipids

Question 4

Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hand lens (magnifying glass) 
B)  standard light microscopy 
C)  scanning electron microscopy 
D)  transmission electron microscopy 
A)  a hand lens (magnifying glass) 
B)  standard light microscopy 
C)  scanning electron microscopy 
D)  transmission electron microscopy

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
C)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
C)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 6

Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane 
A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane

Question 7

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts 
B)  endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts 
C)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria 
D)  evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts 
B)  endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts 
C)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria 
D)  evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cell 
B)  nerve cell 
C)  bacterial cell 
D)  phagocytic white blood cell 
A)  muscle cell 
B)  nerve cell 
C)  bacterial cell 
D)  phagocytic white blood cell

Question 9

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B)  Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C)  Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D)  Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape. 
A)  Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B)  Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C)  Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D)  Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.

Question 10

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  store large quantities of water 
B)  import and export large quantities of protein 
C)  actively secrete large quantities of protein 
D)  synthesize large quantities of lipids 
A)  store large quantities of water 
B)  import and export large quantities of protein 
C)  actively secrete large quantities of protein 
D)  synthesize large quantities of lipids

Question 11

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
B)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
C)  The toy microscope produces less contrast in the specimens. 
D)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source. 
A)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
B)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
C)  The toy microscope produces less contrast in the specimens. 
D)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.

Question 12

What is a primary function of integrins?

Accepted Answer

A)  connecting intermediate filaments to microtubules involved in vesicular transport 
B)  linking the primary and secondary cell walls in plants 
C)  transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton 
D)  transmitting chemical signals from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane 
A)  connecting intermediate filaments to microtubules involved in vesicular transport 
B)  linking the primary and secondary cell walls in plants 
C)  transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton 
D)  transmitting chemical signals from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane

Question 13

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope 
B)  free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER 
C)  components of the cytoskeleton 
D)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall 
A)  membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope 
B)  free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER 
C)  components of the cytoskeleton 
D)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall

Question 14

Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing?

Accepted Answer

A)  an axon 
B)  contractile microfilaments 
C)  intermediate filaments 
D)  motor proteins 
A)  an axon 
B)  contractile microfilaments 
C)  intermediate filaments 
D)  motor proteins

Question 15

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide 
B)  combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide 
C)  combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen 
D)  combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water 
A)  combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide 
B)  combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide 
C)  combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen 
D)  combine the hydrogen with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water

Question 16

What is the explanation for how a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can achieve a resolution of about 0.2 nanometers, whereas a standard light microscope has a maximum resolution of about 200 nanometers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glass lenses in light microscopes refract light, which reduces resolution. 
B)  Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C)  Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D)  The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
A)  Glass lenses in light microscopes refract light, which reduces resolution. 
B)  Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C)  Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D)  The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size.

Question 17

H. V. Wilson worked with sponges to gain some insight into exactly what was responsible for holding adjacent cells together. He exposed two species of differently pigmented sponges to a chemical that disrupted intercellular junctions, and the cells of the sponges dissociated. Wilson then mixed the cells of the two species and removed the chemical that caused the cells to dissociate. Wilson found that the sponges reassembled into two separate species. The cells from one species did not interact or form associations with the cells of the other species.
How do you explain the results of Wilson's experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two species of sponge had different enzymes that functioned in the reassembly process. 
B)  The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) were irreversibly destroyed during the experiment. 
C)  The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) differed between the two species of sponge. 
D)  One cell functioned as an organizer for each organism, thereby attracting only cells of the same species. 
A)  The two species of sponge had different enzymes that functioned in the reassembly process. 
B)  The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) were irreversibly destroyed during the experiment. 
C)  The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) differed between the two species of sponge. 
D)  One cell functioned as an organizer for each organism, thereby attracting only cells of the same species.

Question 18

In plant cells, the middle lamella ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glues adjacent cells together 
B)  prevents dehydration of adjacent cells 
C)  connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells 
D)  prevents excessive uptake of water by plant cells 
A)  glues adjacent cells together 
B)  prevents dehydration of adjacent cells 
C)  connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells 
D)  prevents excessive uptake of water by plant cells

Question 19

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Accepted Answer

A)  tubulin 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments 
A)  tubulin 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments

Question 20

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lysosome 
B)  the Golgi apparatus 
C)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  the lysosome 
B)  the Golgi apparatus 
C)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells through the cell walls?

A newly discovered unicellular organism isolated from acidic mine drainage is found to contain a cell wall, a plasma membrane, two flagella, and peroxisomes. Based just on this information, the organism is most likely ________.

Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

Which of the following would be the most appropriate method to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________.

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

What is a primary function of integrins?

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing?

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and ________.

What is the explanation for how a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can achieve a resolution of about 0.2 nanometers, whereas a standard light microscope has a maximum resolution of about 200 nanometers?

In plant cells, the middle lamella ________.

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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