Question 1

A sign of aortic stenosis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased cardiac output. 
B)  congestion in the liver, spleen, and legs. 
C)  flushed face and headache. 
D)  a heart murmur. 
A)  increased cardiac output. 
B)  congestion in the liver, spleen, and legs. 
C)  flushed face and headache. 
D)  a heart murmur.

Question 2

What is the primary reason for amputation of gangrenous toes or feet in patients with peripheral vascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  It promotes more rapid healing of ulcerated areas. 
B)  It improves circulation to other areas. 
C)  It prevents spread of infection and reduces pain. 
D)  It reduces swelling in the peripheral areas. 
A)  It promotes more rapid healing of ulcerated areas. 
B)  It improves circulation to other areas. 
C)  It prevents spread of infection and reduces pain. 
D)  It reduces swelling in the peripheral areas.

Question 3

In an infant, the initial indication of congestive heart failure is often:

Accepted Answer

A)  distended neck veins. 
B)  feeding problems. 
C)  low-grade fever and lethargy. 
D)  frequent vomiting. 
A)  distended neck veins. 
B)  feeding problems. 
C)  low-grade fever and lethargy. 
D)  frequent vomiting.

Question 4

Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing the risk of blood clotting. 
B)  decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques. 
C)  reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions. 
D)  decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias. 
A)  reducing the risk of blood clotting. 
B)  decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques. 
C)  reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions. 
D)  decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 5

Why does ventricular fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation. 
B)  Insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium. 
C)  The ventricles contract before the atria. 
D)  Parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node. 
A)  Delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation. 
B)  Insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium. 
C)  The ventricles contract before the atria. 
D)  Parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node.

Question 6

Which of the following confirms the presence of a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A full description of the pain, including the sequence of development 
B)  The presence of elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides 
C)  Serum isoenzymes released from necrotic cells and an ECG 
D)  Leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein 
A)  A full description of the pain, including the sequence of development 
B)  The presence of elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides 
C)  Serum isoenzymes released from necrotic cells and an ECG 
D)  Leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein

Question 7

The definition of congestive heart failure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cessation of all cardiac activity. 
B)  inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. 
C)  insufficient circulating blood in the body. 
D)  the demand for oxygen by the heart is greater than the supply. 
A)  cessation of all cardiac activity. 
B)  inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. 
C)  insufficient circulating blood in the body. 
D)  the demand for oxygen by the heart is greater than the supply.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the blood flow occurring with a ventricular septal defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  From the left ventricle to the right ventricle 
B)  From the right ventricle to the left ventricle 
C)  Increased cardiac output from the left ventricle 
D)  Mixed oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation 
A)  From the left ventricle to the right ventricle 
B)  From the right ventricle to the left ventricle 
C)  Increased cardiac output from the left ventricle 
D)  Mixed oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation

Question 9

Which statement applies to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates decreased CO2 diffusion in the lungs. 
B)  It indicates swelling in the bronchioles and bronchi. 
C)  It is caused by increased blood in the lungs when lying in a supine position. 
D)  It results from pleural effusion. 
A)  It indicates decreased CO2 diffusion in the lungs. 
B)  It indicates swelling in the bronchioles and bronchi. 
C)  It is caused by increased blood in the lungs when lying in a supine position. 
D)  It results from pleural effusion.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding aneurysms is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aneurysms are always caused by congenital malformations. 
B)  The greatest danger with aneurysms is thrombus formation. 
C)  Manifestations of aneurysms result from compression of adjacent structures. 
D)  Aneurysms involve a defect in the tunica media of veins. 
A)  Aneurysms are always caused by congenital malformations. 
B)  The greatest danger with aneurysms is thrombus formation. 
C)  Manifestations of aneurysms result from compression of adjacent structures. 
D)  Aneurysms involve a defect in the tunica media of veins.

Question 11

A prolonged period of shock is likely to cause:

Accepted Answer

A)  damage to, and increased permeability of, pulmonary capillaries. 
B)  increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys. 
C)  increased pH of blood and body fluids. 
D)  increased systemic vasoconstriction. 
A)  damage to, and increased permeability of, pulmonary capillaries. 
B)  increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys. 
C)  increased pH of blood and body fluids. 
D)  increased systemic vasoconstriction.

Question 12

Prophylactic antibacterial drugs such as amoxicillin are given to patients with certain congenital heart defects or damaged heart valves immediately before invasive procedures to prevent:

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of septic thrombi. 
B)  infectious endocarditis. 
C)  abscess formation. 
D)  myocarditis. 
A)  formation of septic thrombi. 
B)  infectious endocarditis. 
C)  abscess formation. 
D)  myocarditis.

Question 13

Common signs of rheumatic fever include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  arthritis, causing deformity of the small joints in the hands and feet. 
B)  erythematous skin rash and subcutaneous nodules. 
C)  epistaxis, tachycardia, and fever. 
D)  elevated ASO titer and leukocytosis. 
A)  arthritis, causing deformity of the small joints in the hands and feet. 
B)  erythematous skin rash and subcutaneous nodules. 
C)  epistaxis, tachycardia, and fever. 
D)  elevated ASO titer and leukocytosis.

Question 14

Unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation in children with tetralogy of Fallot because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the aorta and pulmonary artery have exchanged positions. 
B)  pulmonary stenosis changes the ventricular pressures. 
C)  the left ventricular wall has hypertrophied. 
D)  the septal defect allows exchange of blood between the atria. 
A)  the aorta and pulmonary artery have exchanged positions. 
B)  pulmonary stenosis changes the ventricular pressures. 
C)  the left ventricular wall has hypertrophied. 
D)  the septal defect allows exchange of blood between the atria.

Question 15

Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following?
1) Gangrenous ulcers in the legs
2) Strong rapid pulses in the legs
3) Intermittent claudication
4) Red, swollen legs

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 4

Question 16

The initial effect on the heart in cases of rheumatic fever is:

Accepted Answer

A)  infection in the heart by hemolytic streptococci. 
B)  highly virulent microbes causing vegetations on the heart valves. 
C)  septic emboli obstructing coronary arteries. 
D)  acute inflammation in all layers of the heart due to abnormal immune response. 
A)  infection in the heart by hemolytic streptococci. 
B)  highly virulent microbes causing vegetations on the heart valves. 
C)  septic emboli obstructing coronary arteries. 
D)  acute inflammation in all layers of the heart due to abnormal immune response.

Question 17

A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylsalicylic acid (AS
A) . 
B)  streptokinase. 
C)  acetaminophen. 
D)  heparin. 
A)  acetylsalicylic acid (AS
A) . 
B)  streptokinase. 
C)  acetaminophen. 
D)  heparin.

Question 18

Cardiac output refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of blood passing through either of the atria. 
B)  the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute. 
C)  the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in a single contraction. 
D)  the total number of heartbeats in one minute. 
A)  the amount of blood passing through either of the atria. 
B)  the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute. 
C)  the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in a single contraction. 
D)  the total number of heartbeats in one minute.

Question 19

In a child with acute rheumatic fever, arrhythmias may develop due to the presence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  endocarditis. 
B)  myocarditis. 
C)  pericarditis. 
D)  congestive heart failure. 
A)  endocarditis. 
B)  myocarditis. 
C)  pericarditis. 
D)  congestive heart failure.

Question 20

What would indicate decompensated acidosis related to shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum bicarbonate level below normal 
B)  PCO2 above normal 
C)  Serum pH below normal range 
D)  Urine pH of 4.5 
A)  Serum bicarbonate level below normal 
B)  PCO2 above normal 
C)  Serum pH below normal range 
D)  Urine pH of 4.5

Exam 12: Cardiovascular System Disorders

A sign of aortic stenosis is:

What is the primary reason for amputation of gangrenous toes or feet in patients with peripheral vascular disease?

In an infant, the initial indication of congestive heart failure is often:

Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:

Why does ventricular fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?

Which of the following confirms the presence of a myocardial infarction?

The definition of congestive heart failure is:

Which of the following describes the blood flow occurring with a ventricular septal defect?

Which statement applies to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

Which of the following statements regarding aneurysms is true?

A prolonged period of shock is likely to cause:

Prophylactic antibacterial drugs such as amoxicillin are given to patients with certain congenital heart defects or damaged heart valves immediately before invasive procedures to prevent:

Common signs of rheumatic fever include all of the following EXCEPT:

Unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation in children with tetralogy of Fallot because:

Atherosclerosis in the iliac or femoral arteries is likely to cause which of the following? 1) Gangrenous ulcers in the legs 2) Strong rapid pulses in the legs 3) Intermittent claudication 4) Red, swollen legs

The initial effect on the heart in cases of rheumatic fever is:

A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:

Cardiac output refers to:

In a child with acute rheumatic fever, arrhythmias may develop due to the presence of:

What would indicate decompensated acidosis related to shock?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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