Question 1

Why is an application of cold recommended as part of the RICE first aid measures immediately following an inflammatory response due to injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  It improves circulation in the area removing chemical mediators. 
B)  It causes local vasoconstriction to reduce local edema. 
C)  It draws more phagocytic cells to the area to remove debris. 
D)  It promotes immediate healing. 
A)  It improves circulation in the area removing chemical mediators. 
B)  It causes local vasoconstriction to reduce local edema. 
C)  It draws more phagocytic cells to the area to remove debris. 
D)  It promotes immediate healing.

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation caused by an allergen or a burn will typically produce a serous exudate. 
B)  Infection is one cause of inflammation. 
C)  Inflammation is the body's nonspecific response to tissue injury. 
D)  Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation. 
A)  Inflammation caused by an allergen or a burn will typically produce a serous exudate. 
B)  Infection is one cause of inflammation. 
C)  Inflammation is the body's nonspecific response to tissue injury. 
D)  Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation.

Question 3

Purulent exudates usually contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water. 
B)  red blood cells & all types of white blood cells. 
C)  numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris. 
D)  large amounts of water containing a few cells. 
A)  small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water. 
B)  red blood cells & all types of white blood cells. 
C)  numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris. 
D)  large amounts of water containing a few cells.

Question 4

A typical source of infection in burn areas is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the skin grafts. 
B)  microbes surviving in the hair follicles in the burn area. 
C)  circulating blood bringing microbes to the burn wound. 
D)  opportunistic virus in digestive tract. 
A)  the skin grafts. 
B)  microbes surviving in the hair follicles in the burn area. 
C)  circulating blood bringing microbes to the burn wound. 
D)  opportunistic virus in digestive tract.

Question 5

Replacement of damaged tissue by similar functional cells is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrosis. 
B)  regeneration. 
C)  resolution. 
D)  repair by scar tissue. 
A)  fibrosis. 
B)  regeneration. 
C)  resolution. 
D)  repair by scar tissue.

Question 6

Scar tissue consists primarily of:

Accepted Answer

A)  granulation tissue. 
B)  epithelial cells. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  new capillaries and smooth muscle fibers. 
A)  granulation tissue. 
B)  epithelial cells. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  new capillaries and smooth muscle fibers.

Question 7

Some local effects of a general inflammatory response would include:

Accepted Answer

A)  high, spiking fever and chills. 
B)  redness, warmth, and swelling. 
C)  leukopenia and reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 
D)  anorexia and headaches. 
A)  high, spiking fever and chills. 
B)  redness, warmth, and swelling. 
C)  leukopenia and reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 
D)  anorexia and headaches.

Question 8

Drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities include:
1) COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs).
2) glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone).
3) ibuprofen (NSAID).
4) acetaminophen.
5) aspirin (ASA).

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 3, 5 
D) 1, 4, 5 
A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 3, 5 
D) 1, 4, 5

Question 9

Which chemical mediator is involved in prolonging the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradykinin 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Leukotrienes 
D)  Chemotactic factors 
A)  Bradykinin 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Leukotrienes 
D)  Chemotactic factors

Question 10

Which of the following drugs relieves fever and some types of pain but is NOT an anti-inflammatory agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetaminophen 
B)  Prednisone 
C)  Aspirin 
D)  Ibuprofen 
A)  Acetaminophen 
B)  Prednisone 
C)  Aspirin 
D)  Ibuprofen

Question 11

A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because:

Accepted Answer

A)  bleeding occurs under the burn surface. 
B)  the heart is damaged by toxic materials from the burn. 
C)  fluid and protein shift out of the blood. 
D)  vasoconstriction occurs in the burn area. 
A)  bleeding occurs under the burn surface. 
B)  the heart is damaged by toxic materials from the burn. 
C)  fluid and protein shift out of the blood. 
D)  vasoconstriction occurs in the burn area.

Question 12

A specific defense for the body is:

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  sensitized T lymphocytes. 
C)  the inflammatory response. 
D)  intact skin and mucous membranes. 
A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  sensitized T lymphocytes. 
C)  the inflammatory response. 
D)  intact skin and mucous membranes.

Question 13

What is the correct order of the following events in the inflammatory response immediately after tissue injury?
1) Increased permeability of blood vessels
2) Dilation of blood vessels
3) Transient vasoconstriction
4) Migration of leukocytes to the area
5) Hyperemia

Accepted Answer

A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 
B) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 
C) 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 
D) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 
B) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 
C) 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 
D) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

Question 14

Systemic effects of severe inflammation include:

Accepted Answer

A)  erythema and warmth. 
B)  loss of movement at the affected joint. 
C)  fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever. 
D)  abscess formation. 
A)  erythema and warmth. 
B)  loss of movement at the affected joint. 
C)  fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever. 
D)  abscess formation.

Question 15

The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:

Accepted Answer

A)  during allergic reactions. 
B)  during chronic inflammation. 
C)  to produce antibodies. 
D)  in order to promote phagocytosis. 
A)  during allergic reactions. 
B)  during chronic inflammation. 
C)  to produce antibodies. 
D)  in order to promote phagocytosis.

Question 16

A serous exudate is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  thin, watery, colorless exudate. 
B)  thick, sticky, cloudy secretion. 
C)  thick, greenish material containing microbes. 
D)  brownish, clotted material. 
A)  thin, watery, colorless exudate. 
B)  thick, sticky, cloudy secretion. 
C)  thick, greenish material containing microbes. 
D)  brownish, clotted material.

Question 17

Systemic manifestations of inflammation include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrexia. 
B)  malaise. 
C)  local swelling. 
D)  anorexia. 
A)  pyrexia. 
B)  malaise. 
C)  local swelling. 
D)  anorexia.

Question 18

Identify the correct statement about burns:

Accepted Answer

A)  The severity of the burn depends on the temperature, duration, and extent of the burn. 
B)  Young children are less likely to suffer severe burns from immersion in excessively hot water. 
C)  Burns to the palms of the hands are more damaging than burns on the face. 
D)  With a major burn, excessive bleeding usually causes shock. 
A)  The severity of the burn depends on the temperature, duration, and extent of the burn. 
B)  Young children are less likely to suffer severe burns from immersion in excessively hot water. 
C)  Burns to the palms of the hands are more damaging than burns on the face. 
D)  With a major burn, excessive bleeding usually causes shock.

Question 19

Identify the proper sequence in the healing process.

Accepted Answer

A)  A blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels develop; phagocytosis of foreign material and cell debris occurs; and collagen fibers form a tight, strong scar. 
B)  A blood clot forms; phagocytes remove foreign material and cell debris; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers promote formation of a tight, strong scar. 
C)  Collagen fibers form in the damaged area; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; angiogenesis takes place; and foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes. 
D)  Foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers grow and cross-link. 
A)  A blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels develop; phagocytosis of foreign material and cell debris occurs; and collagen fibers form a tight, strong scar. 
B)  A blood clot forms; phagocytes remove foreign material and cell debris; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers promote formation of a tight, strong scar. 
C)  Collagen fibers form in the damaged area; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; angiogenesis takes place; and foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes. 
D)  Foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers grow and cross-link.

Question 20

Granulation tissue is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  highly vascular, very fragile, and very susceptible to infection. 
B)  an erosion through the wall of viscera, leading to complications. 
C)  a type of adhesion with no vascularization. 
D)  a form of stenosis, in a duct, that is extremely tough and resists attack by microbes. 
A)  highly vascular, very fragile, and very susceptible to infection. 
B)  an erosion through the wall of viscera, leading to complications. 
C)  a type of adhesion with no vascularization. 
D)  a form of stenosis, in a duct, that is extremely tough and resists attack by microbes.

Exam 5: Inflammation and Healing

Why is an application of cold recommended as part of the RICE first aid measures immediately following an inflammatory response due to injury?

Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is incorrect?

Purulent exudates usually contain:

A typical source of infection in burn areas is:

Replacement of damaged tissue by similar functional cells is termed:

Scar tissue consists primarily of:

Some local effects of a general inflammatory response would include:

Drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities include: 1) COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs). 2) glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone). 3) ibuprofen (NSAID). 4) acetaminophen. 5) aspirin (ASA).

Which chemical mediator is involved in prolonging the inflammatory response?

Which of the following drugs relieves fever and some types of pain but is NOT an anti-inflammatory agent?

A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because:

A specific defense for the body is:

What is the correct order of the following events in the inflammatory response immediately after tissue injury? 1) Increased permeability of blood vessels 2) Dilation of blood vessels 3) Transient vasoconstriction 4) Migration of leukocytes to the area 5) Hyperemia

Systemic effects of severe inflammation include:

The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:

A serous exudate is best described as a:

Systemic manifestations of inflammation include all EXCEPT:

Identify the correct statement about burns:

Identify the proper sequence in the healing process.

Granulation tissue is best described as:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

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Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

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