Exam 3: The New Genetics

Awareness of genetic risks helps parents _____.

Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs are referred to as _____.

Prospective parents may seek _____ counseling to help determine their risk of passing along chromosomal disorders.

All living things are composed of cells. The work of cells is done by _____.

After about the eight-cell stage within the zygote, cells start to _____, meaning that they take different forms and reproduce at various rates depending on where they are located.

Jackie rushed into the house after school and announced to her parents, "My personality is _____! So many genes make me who I am!"

Oliver has inherited genes that put him at risk for developing diabetes, but he never develops diabetes due to a healthy diet and exercise. This example demonstrates that human characteristics, including diabetes, are _____.

After twins are conceived, their chance of survival until birth depends on the prenatal circumstances. An early sonogram might reveal two developing organisms, but later only one embryo continues to grow. This is referred to as the _____ twin phenomenon.

An individual's collection of genes is called a phenotype.

Describe three of the surprises revealed upon the completion of the Human Genome Project.

Almost every trait is _____, which means that it is affected by many genes.

Phenotype is dependent on _____.

When the effects of genes add up to make the phenotype, they are called dominant-recessive genes.

Lacy has a recessive gene in her genotype that is not expressed in her phenotype. She is a(n) _____ of that gene.

Due to biological sex (XX or XY), women become drunk on more alcohol than men.

If an individual needed an organ donation, which organ donor would be the best match for this individual?

_____ are located on chromosomes and are units of instructions for cells.

Jenny and Tina are identical twins. They are the result of one ovum fertilized by _____ sperm.

Epigenetic means that a trait _____.

_____ refers to a trait that is affected by many factors, both genetic and environmental, that enhance, halt, shape, or alter the expression of genes, resulting in a phenotype that may differ markedly from the genotype.