Question 1

What ecological traits do successful invasive species possess? How do these traits interact to make controlling them difficult?

Accepted Answer

Invasive species possess high fecundity,

Question 2

Kelp ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  suffers intense herbivory from sea urchins 
B)  is pollinated by sea urchins 
C)  is an invasive exotic species 
D)  is eaten by sea otters 
E)  suffers intense herbivory from zebra mussels 
A)  suffers intense herbivory from sea urchins 
B)  is pollinated by sea urchins 
C)  is an invasive exotic species 
D)  is eaten by sea otters 
E)  suffers intense herbivory from zebra mussels

Question 3

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species ʺout-of-sync,ʺ potentially causing indirect loss of species.
-Some models of climate change for North America predict that the grassland regions of the prairie states will become warmer and dryer. This would result in ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a shift from grassland toward chaparral and savanna 
B)  less stress on groundwater and aquifers to irrigate crops in the area 
C)  increased damage from crop pests and diseases 
D)  the need to develop varieties of agricultural crops that tolerate desert conditions 
E)  the need to plant temperate deciduous forest trees to shelter crops from the sun 
A)  a shift from grassland toward chaparral and savanna 
B)  less stress on groundwater and aquifers to irrigate crops in the area 
C)  increased damage from crop pests and diseases 
D)  the need to develop varieties of agricultural crops that tolerate desert conditions 
E)  the need to plant temperate deciduous forest trees to shelter crops from the sun

Question 4

Use the figure above to answer the following question
-If global climate change results in an area of temperate grassland receiving less rainfall and higher temperatures, it will _______________

Accepted Answer

A)  have no effect on the biome 
B)  begin to support more desert species 
C)  begin to support more invasive exotic species 
D)  gradually be replaced by savanna 
E)  rapidly be replaced by temperate deciduous forest 
A)  have no effect on the biome 
B)  begin to support more desert species 
C)  begin to support more invasive exotic species 
D)  gradually be replaced by savanna 
E)  rapidly be replaced by temperate deciduous forest

Question 5

Why do environmentalists favor the term food web as opposed to food chain?

Accepted Answer

Ecological systems are far more complex

Question 6

Zebra mussels ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are native to Canada 
B)  were introduced into the United States in the early 1900s 
C)  excrete waste that facilitates algae blooms and subsequent eutrophication of lakes 
D)  are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities 
E)  are presently restricted to the Great Lakes and Hudson River, but they are expected to spread rapidly in the near future 
A)  are native to Canada 
B)  were introduced into the United States in the early 1900s 
C)  excrete waste that facilitates algae blooms and subsequent eutrophication of lakes 
D)  are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities 
E)  are presently restricted to the Great Lakes and Hudson River, but they are expected to spread rapidly in the near future

Question 7

______________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary consumers 
B)  Primary consumers 
C)  Producers 
D)  Detritivores 
E)  Heterotrophs 
A)  Secondary consumers 
B)  Primary consumers 
C)  Producers 
D)  Detritivores 
E)  Heterotrophs

Question 8

Use the figure above to answer the following question
-What does the diagram illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biodiversity does not vary with climate. 
B)  Biomes are determined primarily by precipitation and temperature. 
C)  Tundra and desert both share a hot climate. 
D)  Boreal forests and tropical dry forest have identical climates. 
E)  Deserts and tropical rainforests normally occur within a few meters on one another. 
A)  Biodiversity does not vary with climate. 
B)  Biomes are determined primarily by precipitation and temperature. 
C)  Tundra and desert both share a hot climate. 
D)  Boreal forests and tropical dry forest have identical climates. 
E)  Deserts and tropical rainforests normally occur within a few meters on one another.

Question 9

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species ʺout-of-sync,ʺ potentially causing indirect loss of species.
-If the climate warms significantly, tundra permafrost may melt, exposing underlying rock. This may next lead to ______________ in the community.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary succession 
B)  primary succession 
C)  facilitation 
D)  coevolution 
E)  climax 
A)  secondary succession 
B)  primary succession 
C)  facilitation 
D)  coevolution 
E)  climax

Question 10

A community may undergo a regime shift or a phase shift when ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  lose keystone species or suffer a major climatic change 
B)  all invasive and exotic species are removed 
C)  they suffer a natural fire or flood 
D)  pollutants cause a rapid rise in mutations 
E)  have too many symbiotic relationships among species 
A)  lose keystone species or suffer a major climatic change 
B)  all invasive and exotic species are removed 
C)  they suffer a natural fire or flood 
D)  pollutants cause a rapid rise in mutations 
E)  have too many symbiotic relationships among species

Question 11

A climax community always ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  describes terrestrial biomes 
B)  has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession 
C)  describes aquatic biomes 
D)  remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession 
E)  is typical of the first stages of secondary succession 
A)  describes terrestrial biomes 
B)  has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession 
C)  describes aquatic biomes 
D)  remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession 
E)  is typical of the first stages of secondary succession

Question 12

Grazing animals such as deer are ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposers 
B)  producers 
C)  secondary consumers 
D)  primary consumers or herbivores 
E)  detritivores 
A)  decomposers 
B)  producers 
C)  secondary consumers 
D)  primary consumers or herbivores 
E)  detritivores

Question 13

Benthic organisms in the Great Lakes ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  benefit from the presence of zebra mussels 
B)  live near the waterʹs surface 
C)  include zebra mussels 
D)  are harmed by the presence of zebra mussels 
E)  include phytoplankton 
A)  benefit from the presence of zebra mussels 
B)  live near the waterʹs surface 
C)  include zebra mussels 
D)  are harmed by the presence of zebra mussels 
E)  include phytoplankton

Question 14

Of the following, ______________ is (are) an abiotic factor.

Accepted Answer

A)  grasses 
B)  temperature 
C)  snails 
D)  oak trees 
E)  butterflies 
A)  grasses 
B)  temperature 
C)  snails 
D)  oak trees 
E)  butterflies

Question 15

Of the following, ______________ are pioneer species.

Accepted Answer

A)  wolves and mountain lions 
B)  zebra mussels 
C)  lichens 
D)  aspen trees 
E)  beavers 
A)  wolves and mountain lions 
B)  zebra mussels 
C)  lichens 
D)  aspen trees 
E)  beavers

Question 16

______________ carried out research to determine the impact of zebra mussels on fish communities.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldo Leopold 
B)  S.W. Breckle 
C)  Charles Darwin 
D)  David Strayer 
E)  Native Americans 
A)  Aldo Leopold 
B)  S.W. Breckle 
C)  Charles Darwin 
D)  David Strayer 
E)  Native Americans

Question 17

Secondary succession ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs after a fire or flood 
B)  is predictable because it always ends in the formation of a climax community 
C)  occurs after a volcano spreads lava across a landscape 
D)  typically begins with lichen colonizing rock 
E)  requires primary succession to precede it 
A)  occurs after a fire or flood 
B)  is predictable because it always ends in the formation of a climax community 
C)  occurs after a volcano spreads lava across a landscape 
D)  typically begins with lichen colonizing rock 
E)  requires primary succession to precede it

Question 18

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species ʺout-of-sync,ʺ potentially causing indirect loss of species.
-Of the following, ______________ might be first to populate an area after permafrost melts in response to global climate change.

Accepted Answer

A)  grasses 
B)  shrubs 
C)  lichens 
D)  hardwood trees 
E)  aspen trees 
A)  grasses 
B)  shrubs 
C)  lichens 
D)  hardwood trees 
E)  aspen trees

Question 19

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in arctic areas. Global warming also can increases sea surface temperatures, which can subsequently melt permafrost in the tundra and increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species ʺout-of-sync,ʺ potentially causing indirect loss of species.
-The relationship between flowering plants and caterpillars is best described as ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interspecific competition 
B)  intraspecific competition 
C)  mutualism 
D)  herbivory 
E)  parasitism 
A)  interspecific competition 
B)  intraspecific competition 
C)  mutualism 
D)  herbivory 
E)  parasitism

Question 20

Choose the item that best matches from the following:
-Describes the terrestrial biome bordering the Mediterranean Sea; characterized by wet winters and warm dry summers

Accepted Answer

A) tropical dry forest 
B) temperate rainforest 
C) boreal forest 
D) savanna 
E) chaparral
F)temperate grassland
G)desert
H)temperate deciduous forest
I)tropical rainforest 
A) tropical dry forest 
B) temperate rainforest 
C) boreal forest 
D) savanna 
E) chaparral
F)temperate grassland
G)desert
H)temperate deciduous forest
I)tropical rainforest

What ecological traits do successful invasive species possess? How do these traits interact to make controlling them difficult?

Kelp ______________

Use the figure above to answer the following question -If global climate change results in an area of temperate grassland receiving less rainfall and higher temperatures, it will _______________

Why do environmentalists favor the term food web as opposed to food chain?

Zebra mussels ______________.

______________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Use the figure above to answer the following question -What does the diagram illustrate?

A community may undergo a regime shift or a phase shift when ______________

A climax community always ______________

Grazing animals such as deer are ______________

Benthic organisms in the Great Lakes ______________

Of the following, ______________ is (are) an abiotic factor.

Of the following, ______________ are pioneer species.

______________ carried out research to determine the impact of zebra mussels on fish communities.

Secondary succession ______________

Choose the item that best matches from the following: -Describes the terrestrial biome bordering the Mediterranean Sea; characterized by wet winters and warm dry summers

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Epilogue

Filters

Exam 4: Species Interactions and Community Ecology

What ecological traits do successful invasive species possess? How do these traits interact to make controlling them difficult?

Kelp ______________

Use the figure above to answer the following question -If global climate change results in an area of temperate grassland receiving less rainfall and higher temperatures, it will _______________

Why do environmentalists favor the term food web as opposed to food chain?

Zebra mussels ______________.

______________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Use the figure above to answer the following question -What does the diagram illustrate?

A community may undergo a regime shift or a phase shift when ______________

A climax community always ______________

Grazing animals such as deer are ______________

Benthic organisms in the Great Lakes ______________

Of the following, ______________ is (are) an abiotic factor.

Of the following, ______________ are pioneer species.

______________ carried out research to determine the impact of zebra mussels on fish communities.

Secondary succession ______________

Choose the item that best matches from the following: -Describes the terrestrial biome bordering the Mediterranean Sea; characterized by wet winters and warm dry summers

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Epilogue

Filters